内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

Why does a low serum albumin contribute to oedema?

1. AIt raises blood pressure and pushes fluid into the kidneys
2. BIt blocks the lymph vessels in the abdomen
3. CIt causes the heart to pump more blood into the legs
4. DIt lowers oncotic pressure, so fluid leaks into tissues

Which urine output is commonly used as the minimum acceptable value for an adult after surgery?

1. AAbout 0.5 mL/kg per hour
2. BAbout 0.05 mL/kg per hour
3. CAbout 50 mL/kg per hour
4. DAbout 5 mL/kg per hour

What is Barrett's oesophagus?

1. AA pouch in the upper oesophagus that traps food
2. BDilated veins in the lower oesophagus caused by portal hypertension
3. CA tear in the oesophagus caused by forceful vomiting
4. DA change of the lower oesophageal lining to a stomach-like type

Which is correct when caring for a patient with a PICC line?

1. ALeave the external length unchecked once it is placed
2. BFlush the line only when it blocks
3. CUse the PICC arm for heavy lifting to keep it flexible
4. DAvoid taking blood pressure on the arm with the line

Which is a recognised risk of long-term proton pump inhibitor use?

1. AHyperkalaemia
2. BHypercalcaemia
3. CHypomagnesaemia
4. DHypernatraemia

哪项陈述最能描述阿片类药物耐受？

1. A患者强迫性地渴望更多药物
2. B患者对该药物产生了过敏
3. C该药不再引起任何便秘
4. D随时间推移需要更高剂量才能获得相同效果

A patient with a toe ulcer says the leg pain is worse at night and eases when they hang the leg over the side of the bed. What does this suggest?

1. ANeuropathic itching
2. BVenous insufficiency
3. CLymphoedema
4. DArterial insufficiency

A colleague suggests giving a saline injection to see whether a patient's pain is "real". What is the best response?

1. AIt is acceptable if a senior nurse gives the saline
2. BIt is a good idea, as long as the patient is not told about it afterwards
3. CDeceptive placebos are unethical and do not show pain is "fake"
4. DIt should be done only for patients with chronic pain