内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

Radiotherapy to the pelvis commonly causes which side effects?

1. ADiarrhoea and frequent, painful passing of urine
2. BDry mouth and changes in taste for many months afterwards
3. CCough and breathlessness
4. DHair loss from the scalp

Why are swabs, sharps and instruments counted during surgery?

1. ATo calculate the cost of the operation
2. BTo decide how long the operation took
3. CTo check the stock in the store room
4. DTo prevent items being left inside the patient

Which lifestyle advice helps reduce night-time reflux symptoms?

1. ADrink a large glass of fizzy water before lying down
2. BSleep flat on several pillows placed under the knees
3. CNo food for 3 hours before bed, with the head of the bed raised
4. DHave the largest meal of the day just before going to bed to aid sleep

Aspirate from a nasogastric tube has a pH of 7. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive the medicines but not the feed
2. BDo not use it; re-test later or arrange an X-ray as per policy
3. CFlush with 50 mL of air and start the feed
4. DStart the feed slowly and watch the patient closely for coughing

Which intervention most reduces pressure ulcer risk in an immobile patient?

1. AKeeping the head of the bed raised at 90° all day
2. BRegular repositioning and a pressure-redistributing mattress
3. CMassaging red areas firmly at each turn to bring back the circulation
4. DUsing a doughnut-shaped ring cushion

什么是麻痹性肠梗阻？

1. A肿瘤阻塞肠腔
2. B没有物理性阻塞，但肠蠕动丧失
3. C大肠扭转，阻断其血供
4. D伴发热的肠壁感染

Hours after an oesophageal dilatation, a patient has chest pain, fever and crackling swelling under the skin of the neck. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AAn allergic reaction to the sedative
2. BOesophageal perforation
3. CSimple reflux after the dilatation
4. DNormal discomfort after the procedure

A patient with diabetes on continuous enteral feeding and an insulin regimen has the feed stopped for a procedure. What is the main concern?

1. ADiarrhoea from stopping the feed suddenly
2. BRefeeding syndrome from too much glucose
3. CHypoglycaemia if insulin continues without the feed
4. DHyperglycaemia because the stomach is empty