内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

Which signs suggest peritonitis?

1. ALoud bowel sounds with a hungry feeling
2. BA small, painless lump near the umbilicus
3. CGuarding, rebound tenderness and a rigid abdomen
4. DA soft abdomen with no pain on pressing

Why are swabs, sharps and instruments counted during surgery?

1. ATo check the stock in the store room
2. BTo prevent items being left inside the patient
3. CTo decide how long the operation took
4. DTo calculate the cost of the operation

What does "coffee-ground" vomit usually indicate?

1. AUndigested food from several days ago
2. BA side effect of drinking strong coffee
3. CBlood that has been partly digested by stomach acid
4. DBile coming back from an obstructed small bowel

为什么肝硬化患者的出血风险增加？

1. A肝硬化时的高动脉血压使血管破裂
2. B凝血因子减少、血小板低，以及门静脉高压引起的曲张静脉
3. C瘢痕化的肝脏将肝素等抗凝物质释放到血液中
4. D肝硬化使血小板计数升高，从而使血小板变弱

Which description fits a category (stage) 4 pressure ulcer?

1. AFull-thickness loss with exposed bone, tendon or muscle
2. BA shallow wound into the dermis only
3. CA blister filled with clear fluid over the heel or sacrum
4. DIntact skin with redness that does not blanch

给予细胞毒性化疗药物时，通常推荐使用哪种个人防护装备？

1. A经化疗药物测试的手套和防渗隔离衣
2. B普通棉手套和塑料围裙
3. C不需要个人防护装备，因为输液袋是密封的
4. D纸质外科口罩，不戴手套

A patient has a category (stage) 2 pressure ulcer on the sacrum. Which plan is most appropriate?

1. ALeave it uncovered and dry it with a hair dryer
2. BSit the patient upright in a chair for most of the day
3. CMassage around the wound every hour to stimulate blood flow to the skin
4. DOffload the area, manage moisture, support nutrition and dress it

After a high-voltage electrical injury, a patient's urine is dark red-brown. What does this suggest and what is the usual aim?

1. AA urinary infection; send a sample and wait for the result
2. BNormal concentrated urine; restrict fluids
3. CMyoglobin from muscle damage; a higher urine output target
4. DBleeding from the bladder; stop all fluids