内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

根据一个广泛使用的定义，谁是判断患者疼痛的最佳评判者？

1. A护士
2. B外科医生
3. C亲属
4. D患者

What is an autograft in burn care?

1. ASkin taken from a pig or other animal
2. BSkin taken from another part of the patient's own body
3. CA synthetic dressing made in a laboratory from collagen
4. DSkin taken from a donor who has died

What is the typical main symptom of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD)?

1. APainless yellowing of the skin and eyes
2. BCramping pain low in the left side of the abdomen
3. CSharp pain in the right shoulder after meals
4. DBurning pain behind the breastbone (heartburn)

为什么教患者咳嗽时用枕头支托腹部伤口？

1. A它加速皮肤边缘的愈合
2. B它使咳嗽变弱，从而不使伤口受到风险
3. C它取代了规律镇痛的需要
4. D它可减轻疼痛和牵拉，使患者能有效咳嗽

Which change suggests that a burn wound is becoming infected?

1. AThe wound becoming pink and a little smaller at each dressing change
2. BA partial-thickness burn becoming deeper, with new discolouration
3. CDry, healing skin with mild itching
4. DLess exudate on each dressing change

A patient is starting regular oral morphine. Which bowel advice is most appropriate?

1. ATake a bulk-forming laxative only with very little water
2. BStart a regular laxative at the same time
3. CStop eating fibre completely
4. DWait until there has been no stool for a week

On day 5 after a major burn, a patient is confused, with a temperature of 39.2 °C, tachycardia, and an offensive, discoloured wound. What should the nurse suspect?

1. ABurn wound infection with sepsis
2. BAn allergy to the dressing only
3. CThe normal hypermetabolic response alone
4. DDelirium from boredom on the ward

Why is folinic acid (leucovorin) given after high-dose methotrexate?

1. ATo rescue normal cells from methotrexate toxicity
2. BTo increase the anticancer effect on the tumour
3. CTo prevent hair loss during treatment
4. DTo treat the patient's anaemia only