内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

Which skin care advice is usual during external beam radiotherapy?

1. AScrub the treated area daily to remove the skin marks
2. BWash gently with lukewarm water and pat dry
3. CApply a hot water bottle to soothe the area
4. DUse perfumed lotions to keep the skin soft

Which adverse effects are linked with NSAIDs such as ibuprofen?

1. AStomach bleeding and kidney injury
2. BConstipation and pinpoint pupils
3. CWeight gain and high potassium only
4. DHair loss and low white cell count

Which electrolyte typically falls in refeeding syndrome?

1. ASodium
2. BChloride
3. CCalcium
4. DPhosphate

为什么在大手术后最初几天，常优先选择规律（定时）镇痛而不是“按需”给药？

1. A它使药物浓度稳定，防止出现剧烈的疼痛高峰
2. B它允许给予超过每日最大限量的剂量
3. C它免除了白天评估患者疼痛的需要
4. D它完全预防所有阿片类药物的副作用

Why is an ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI) measured before compression bandaging for a leg ulcer?

1. ATo find out how deep the ulcer is
2. BTo exclude significant arterial disease
3. CTo find the bacteria in the wound
4. DTo check for a leg bone fracture

Which change suggests that a burn wound is becoming infected?

1. AA partial-thickness burn becoming deeper, with new discolouration
2. BDry, healing skin with mild itching
3. CThe wound becoming pink and a little smaller at each dressing change
4. DLess exudate on each dressing change

A nurse teaches a patient with chronic pancreatitis. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I'll take my enzyme capsules at bedtime."
2. B"Oily, floating stools may mean my dose needs changing."
3. C"I should not drink any alcohol."
4. D"I'll report increased thirst or passing urine more often."

An 80-year-old has a fluid balance 3 L positive two days after surgery. They are now breathless, with crackles at both lung bases and swollen ankles. What should the nurse do?

1. AStop the IV fluids, sit the patient up and escalate
2. BLie the patient flat with the legs raised
3. CIncrease the IV fluid rate to improve kidney flow
4. DEncourage the patient to drink more fluids