内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

为什么中性粒细胞减少的患者要避免直肠测温和使用栓剂？

1. A它们总是给出偏低的体温读数
2. B它们使患者的白细胞计数进一步下降
3. C它们干扰化疗药物的吸收
4. D可能损伤黏膜，使细菌进入血液

Which symptom in an adult over 50 is a red flag for colorectal cancer?

1. AMild bloating before a period
2. BA lasting change in bowel habit with rectal bleeding
3. COne episode of loose stools after a takeaway meal
4. DOccasional wind and rumbling after eating a meal of beans

What is the purpose of anti-embolism stockings for surgical patients?

1. ATo reduce the risk of deep vein thrombosis
2. BTo keep the legs warm in theatre
3. CTo prevent pressure ulcers on the heels
4. DTo lower the blood pressure after surgery

为什么肝硬化患者的出血风险增加？

1. A肝硬化使血小板计数升高，从而使血小板变弱
2. B凝血因子减少、血小板低，以及门静脉高压引起的曲张静脉
3. C瘢痕化的肝脏将肝素等抗凝物质释放到血液中
4. D肝硬化时的高动脉血压使血管破裂

一名回肠膀胱术（尿路造口）患者担心尿中有黏液。正确的解释是什么？

1. A这是正常的，因为该通道由小肠制成
2. B这是肾结石的征象，今天必须上报
3. C这表明正在发生肠梗阻
4. D这意味着造口失效，需要手术

Why should antacids usually be taken at a different time from other medicines?

1. AThey can reduce the absorption of many other drugs
2. BThey make all other drugs much more toxic
3. CThey stop the kidneys from clearing other drugs
4. DThey destroy other drugs before they are swallowed

On day 3 after admission, a patient with alcohol dependence becomes confused, with hallucinations, sweating, tremor, fever and tachycardia. What is the most likely cause?

1. ADelirium tremens from alcohol withdrawal
2. BNormal anxiety about being in hospital
3. CAn allergic reaction to hospital food
4. DHepatitis A caught on the ward

上腹部手术后第 2 天，一名患者体温 37.8 °C，未吸氧时 SpO₂ 93%，双肺底呼吸音减弱。由于疼痛，他们没有使用激励式肺量计。最恰当的护理计划是什么？

1. A更好地控制疼痛、坐起、深呼吸、活动并上报
2. B让患者卧床并限制活动，直到发热消退
3. C停用所有镇痛药，使患者能更用力地咳嗽
4. D以 15 L/min 给氧，让患者安静休息