内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

What is the typical main symptom of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD)?

1. APainless yellowing of the skin and eyes
2. BCramping pain low in the left side of the abdomen
3. CBurning pain behind the breastbone (heartburn)
4. DSharp pain in the right shoulder after meals

什么是腹水？

1. A腹膜腔内的液体
2. B肺周围胸膜腔内的液体
3. C双侧踝部肿胀
4. D胆总管堵塞

What is pulmonary aspiration?

1. AInhaling stomach contents or other material into the lungs
2. BRemoving fluid from the chest with a needle through the ribs
3. CBreathing too fast after surgery
4. DA collapsed lung after a chest drain

为什么在计算补液复苏的烧伤面积时，不计入浅表烧伤（仅发红，如晒伤）？

1. A皮肤屏障完整，丢失的液体很少
2. B它们引起的液体丢失比其他任何深度都多
3. C它们总是在一天内完全愈合
4. D它们总是太小，无法在图表上准确测量

哪种敷料通常适用于需要湿润的干燥、有腐肉的伤口？

1. A泡沫
2. B藻酸盐
3. C水凝胶
4. D干纱布

Which patient is at highest risk of refeeding syndrome?

1. AA patient with a normal BMI eating three meals a day
2. BA patient who missed one lunch because of a scan
3. CAn underweight patient who has eaten very little for 10 days
4. DA healthy adult after an overnight fast for minor surgery

一名患有慢性肾脏病的 74 岁患者术后剧烈疼痛。哪个阿片类药物问题最重要？

1. A吗啡是肾衰竭时最安全的阿片类药物，因此可以随意增加剂量
2. B吗啡的代谢产物会蓄积，因此可能需要较低剂量或换用其他阿片类药物
3. C肾功能对阿片类药物的处理没有影响
4. D无论疼痛如何，老年人绝不能使用阿片类药物

A nurse teaches a patient with a new ileostomy. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I'll chew my food well to avoid blockages."
2. B"I'll report if my output becomes very watery and high."
3. C"I'll drink less so my bag fills more slowly."
4. D"I'll watch for dizziness and dark urine."