内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

为什么全身麻醉前要求患者禁食？

1. A使血糖水平比平时更高
2. B使扫描时肠道更容易看清
3. C减少手术中的出血
4. D降低误吸胃内容物的风险

What is healing by secondary intention?

1. AA wound that heals without any new tissue
2. BA wound closed a few days after it was left open
3. CA wound left open that heals from the base upwards
4. DA wound closed with sutures straight after surgery

Why should rings, watches and tight clothing be removed early after a burn to the arm?

1. AThey make the burn look worse in photographs
2. BSwelling may follow, and they could cut off the circulation
3. CThey interfere with the rule of nines calculation of burn size
4. DMetal items always cause infection in burns

Which advice helps a patient with haemorrhoids?

1. AEat less fibre so that stools are smaller
2. BTake a codeine-based painkiller every day
3. CSit on the toilet for long periods to empty fully
4. DEat more fibre, drink enough fluid and avoid straining

A patient had an upper GI endoscopy with a local anaesthetic throat spray. What must the nurse check before giving a drink?

1. AThat the patient's blood glucose is above normal
2. BThat swallowing and the gag reflex have returned
3. CThat bowel sounds are present in all four quadrants
4. DThat the patient has passed urine since the procedure

A patient with a new colostomy asks what to eat at home. Which advice is most appropriate?

1. ADrink as little fluid as possible to reduce output
2. BEat only liquids until the stoma is removed
3. CEat a normal, balanced diet and introduce foods gradually
4. DAvoid all fruit and vegetables for the rest of their life

After surgery, a patient says they have "no pain" but grimaces, breathes shallowly and refuses to move or cough. What should the nurse do?

1. ATell the patient firmly that they must stop hiding their pain from staff
2. BExplore their beliefs and explain how analgesia aids recovery
3. CInsist they walk without any analgesia
4. DAccept the statement and record a pain score of 0

During burn resuscitation, a 70 kg adult's urine output has been 120 mL/h for 3 hours, and the face and limbs are very oedematous. What should the nurse do?

1. AIncrease the fluid rate to keep the output high
2. BGive a diuretic without discussing it
3. CDiscuss reducing the fluid rate with the team
4. DStop all IV fluids completely and remove the catheter