内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

What is the typical main symptom of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD)?

1. ACramping pain low in the left side of the abdomen
2. BBurning pain behind the breastbone (heartburn)
3. CSharp pain in the right shoulder after meals
4. DPainless yellowing of the skin and eyes

Which exercises are usually taught to patients before major surgery?

1. ADeep breathing, coughing and leg exercises
2. BHolding the breath for as long as possible
3. CHeavy weightlifting to build strength
4. DLong-distance running every day

What is a common reason for giving a premedication before surgery?

1. ATo replace the general anaesthetic
2. BTo reduce anxiety
3. CTo treat the surgical wound in advance
4. DTo make the patient hungry after surgery

许多化疗药物给药后，对体液采取特殊预防措施通常要持续多长时间？

1. A通常约 48 小时
2. B从不需要
3. C整整一年
4. D仅在输注期间

A dying patient can no longer drink. Which mouth care is most appropriate?

1. ABrushing hard with a stiff toothbrush twice a day
2. BLemon and glycerine swabs every hour to stimulate saliva
3. CFrequent, gentle moistening of the mouth and lips
4. DNo mouth care, to avoid disturbing the patient

Why is the "whoosh" test no longer used to check nasogastric tube position?

1. AAir can be heard even when the tube is in the lung
2. BIt needs an X-ray machine at the bedside
3. CThe air always makes the tube block
4. DThe test is far too painful for most patients to tolerate

A patient on immunotherapy for melanoma has six watery stools a day and abdominal cramps. What should the nurse do?

1. AAdvise eating more fibre and fruit to firm up the stools
2. BEscalate urgently, as immune-related colitis is likely
3. CGive loperamide and review next week
4. DReassure that diarrhoea is normal and harmless

A surgical patient's MUST score is 3 and the wound is healing slowly. What is the most appropriate action?

1. AEncourage fasting to reduce wound exudate and the size of the dressing
2. BRestrict protein to help the kidneys
3. CRefer to the dietitian, start a nutrition plan and monitor intake
4. DRepeat the score in three months' time