内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

What is a hiatus hernia?

1. AA bulge of bowel through an old surgical scar
2. BPart of the stomach pushing up through the diaphragm
3. CPart of the bowel pushing through the groin into the scrotum
4. DBowel bulging through a weak point in the muscle at the umbilicus

A patient receiving external beam radiotherapy asks whether they are radioactive. What is correct?

1. ANo, they are not radioactive and can be with family
2. BOnly their clothes are radioactive afterwards
3. CYes, so they must avoid all contact with children and pregnant women
4. DYes, for one month after each session

Which electrolyte typically falls in refeeding syndrome?

1. APhosphate
2. BSodium
3. CCalcium
4. DChloride

Which intervention most reduces pressure ulcer risk in an immobile patient?

1. AKeeping the head of the bed raised at 90° all day
2. BRegular repositioning and a pressure-redistributing mattress
3. CUsing a doughnut-shaped ring cushion
4. DMassaging red areas firmly at each turn to bring back the circulation

Why are patients with large burns at risk of hypothermia?

1. AThe fluids given are always chilled
2. BTheir metabolism stops after the injury
3. CLoss of skin reduces their ability to keep in heat
4. DBurns always cause a low thyroid hormone level in the blood

Why is IV hydration given with cisplatin?

1. ATo make the drug less effective
2. BTo prevent hair loss
3. CTo raise the blood pressure during treatment
4. DTo protect the kidneys from damage

On day 5 after hip surgery, a patient suddenly becomes breathless, with sharp chest pain on breathing in, a pulse of 120/min and SpO₂ 89%. What should the nurse suspect and do first?

1. AAnxiety; give reassurance and repeat the observations in an hour's time
2. BSimple atelectasis; encourage walking around the ward
3. CWound infection; take a wound swab and wait for results
4. DPulmonary embolism; sit up, give oxygen and call for urgent help

A nurse teaches a patient with a new ileostomy. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I'll watch for dizziness and dark urine."
2. B"I'll chew my food well to avoid blockages."
3. C"I'll drink less so my bag fills more slowly."
4. D"I'll report if my output becomes very watery and high."