内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

Which signs suggest a surgical site infection?

1. AMild bruising around the wound that is fading a little each day
2. BA dry wound edge with a thin scab
3. CIncreasing pain, redness, swelling, heat and pus
4. DMild itching as the wound heals

Why is a temporary loop ileostomy often formed after a low bowel resection?

1. ATo drain urine from the kidneys
2. BTo remove the whole colon permanently in a single operation
3. CTo let the patient eat without chewing
4. DTo divert stool while the join further down heals

下列哪项是肝硬化最常见的病因之一？

1. A富含水果和纤维的饮食
2. B长期大量饮酒
3. C缺铁性贫血
4. D一次食物中毒

小肠梗阻和大肠梗阻的主要临床区别是什么？

1. A小肠：完全不呕吐；大肠：早期大量呕吐，无腹胀
2. B小肠：呕吐早，腹胀较轻；大肠：呕吐晚，腹胀明显
3. C小肠：仅有明显腹胀；大肠：无疼痛、无呕吐，也完全没有腹胀
4. D没有临床区别；只有 CT 扫描才能区分

In the UK National Early Warning Score (NEWS2), what does an aggregate score of 5 or more usually trigger?

1. ARoutine observations once every 12 hours, with no other change in care
2. BAn urgent review by a clinician skilled in acute illness
3. CDischarge planning for the next day
4. DNo change unless the patient complains

Which long-term effect must be monitored in patients receiving anthracyclines such as doxorubicin?

1. ADamage to the heart muscle
2. BPermanent high blood glucose
3. CExcess growth of body hair
4. DLoss of the sense of smell

一名长期使用阿片类药物治疗慢性疼痛的患者因手术入院。下列哪项说法正确？

1. A入院时应停用所有阿片类药物以防成瘾
2. B手术结束后只应给他们对乙酰氨基酚
3. C他们的术后阿片类药物剂量需要比未用过阿片类药物的患者更低
4. D继续使用平时的阿片类药物，并因耐受而加用额外镇痛

Which new prescription for a patient with cirrhosis should the nurse question?

1. AThiamine supplements
2. BRegular ibuprofen for back pain
3. CSpironolactone for ascites
4. DLactulose to keep the bowels open