内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

What is the main purpose of marking the surgical site before an operation?

1. ATo record the patient's allergy status
2. BTo show where the skin should be shaved
3. CTo tell the porter which theatre to go to
4. DTo prevent surgery on the wrong side or site

机械性小肠梗阻早期，哪种肠鸣音是典型的？

1. A安静、正常的咕噜声
2. B一开始就完全消失
3. C高调的叮当声
4. D胸膜摩擦音

What is the typical main symptom of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD)?

1. ABurning pain behind the breastbone (heartburn)
2. BPainless yellowing of the skin and eyes
3. CSharp pain in the right shoulder after meals
4. DCramping pain low in the left side of the abdomen

Which statement correctly describes physical dependence on opioids?

1. AThe drug no longer has any side effects
2. BThe patient is allergic to opioids
3. CThe patient always craves the drug and misuses it despite harm
4. DWithdrawal occurs if the drug is stopped suddenly

Why are laxatives and enemas avoided when appendicitis is suspected?

1. AThey make the blood tests impossible to read
2. BThey stop antibiotics from being absorbed
3. CThey always cause the appendix to bleed heavily
4. DThey may increase the risk of perforation

When is cold therapy most useful for pain?

1. AOver numb areas where sensation is lost
2. BSoon after an acute soft tissue injury, to reduce swelling
3. CFor long-term muscle stiffness, applied continuously for several hours
4. DDirectly on skin with poor circulation

An 80-year-old has a fluid balance 3 L positive two days after surgery. They are now breathless, with crackles at both lung bases and swollen ankles. What should the nurse do?

1. AStop the IV fluids, sit the patient up and escalate
2. BLie the patient flat with the legs raised
3. CIncrease the IV fluid rate to improve kidney flow
4. DEncourage the patient to drink more fluids

During radiotherapy to the chest, a patient develops pain on swallowing and is eating less. What is the most likely cause and nursing focus?

1. ANormal ageing; no action needed
2. BA stomach ulcer; give an antacid after meals only
3. CA heart attack; give aspirin and arrange an ECG
4. DRadiation oesophagitis; analgesia, soft food and nutrition support