内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

What is a hiatus hernia?

1. APart of the stomach pushing up through the diaphragm
2. BBowel bulging through a weak point in the muscle at the umbilicus
3. CPart of the bowel pushing through the groin into the scrotum
4. DA bulge of bowel through an old surgical scar

根据一个广泛使用的定义，谁是判断患者疼痛的最佳评判者？

1. A护士
2. B患者
3. C外科医生
4. D亲属

What is the main purpose of marking the surgical site before an operation?

1. ATo show where the skin should be shaved
2. BTo record the patient's allergy status
3. CTo tell the porter which theatre to go to
4. DTo prevent surgery on the wrong side or site

内镜检查前，哪个评分用于评估上消化道出血的风险？

1. AGlasgow-Blatchford 评分
2. BWaterlow 压疮风险评分
3. C格拉斯哥昏迷量表
4. DDVT 的 Wells 评分

In the SBAR communication tool, what belongs under "A"?

1. AA list of the patient's allergies only
2. BThe patient's admission date only
3. CThe nurse's assessment of what the problem is
4. DThe address and phone number of the patient's next of kin

Which description fits a category (stage) 4 pressure ulcer?

1. AFull-thickness loss with exposed bone, tendon or muscle
2. BA shallow wound into the dermis only
3. CA blister filled with clear fluid over the heel or sacrum
4. DIntact skin with redness that does not blanch

一名使用阿片类药物 PCA 的患者经面罩吸氧。SpO₂ 97%，呼吸频率 11 次/分，但现在很难唤醒。护士应得出什么结论？

1. A患者只是睡得好，因为疼痛已得到控制
2. B患者是安全的，因为血氧饱和度正常
3. C应增加 PCA 剂量以保持患者舒适
4. D很可能是阿片类药物中毒；氧气可能掩盖了通气不足

A patient with a severe flare of ulcerative colitis develops abdominal distension, fever and tachycardia, and the stool frequency has dropped. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AHaemorrhoids caused by diarrhoea
2. BSimple constipation from low intake
3. CThe flare is getting better
4. DToxic megacolon