内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

Which finding describes a category 1 pressure ulcer?

1. AIntact skin with redness that does not blanch
2. BAn open wound with visible bone at the base
3. CA shallow open wound with a red-pink base and no slough
4. DA wound covered with thick black eschar

用缝线闭合的清洁手术切口属于哪种愈合方式？

1. A延迟愈合
2. B二期愈合
3. C一期愈合
4. D三期愈合

Which sign suggests acute cholecystitis?

1. APain in the left lower abdomen when the right side is pressed
2. BBruising around the umbilicus and over both flanks of the abdomen
3. CPain that stops a deep breath when the right upper abdomen is pressed
4. DA flapping tremor of the hands when the arms are held out

Which complication is more typical of Crohn's disease than of ulcerative colitis?

1. ABleeding only from the rectum
2. BFistulas between the bowel and other organs
3. CInflammation limited to the rectal lining
4. DDisease that is cured by removing the colon

一名新做回肠造口的患者排出量很高。主要风险是什么？

1. A造口上方肠道便秘和粪便嵌塞
2. B脱水以及钠、钾、镁丢失
3. C数天内出现高钙和肾结石
4. D液体过多和踝部肿胀

Why is IV hydration given with cisplatin?

1. ATo prevent hair loss
2. BTo protect the kidneys from damage
3. CTo make the drug less effective
4. DTo raise the blood pressure during treatment

After surgery, a patient says they have "no pain" but grimaces, breathes shallowly and refuses to move or cough. What should the nurse do?

1. ATell the patient firmly that they must stop hiding their pain from staff
2. BInsist they walk without any analgesia
3. CAccept the statement and record a pain score of 0
4. DExplore their beliefs and explain how analgesia aids recovery

外科病房有四位患者。护士应首先评估哪位患者？

1. A中性粒细胞减少：一小时前体温正常，感觉良好
2. B术后第 3 天：因便秘要求使用泻药
3. C稳定的回肠造口：请求帮助更换造口袋
4. D肠道手术后四小时：脉搏 118 次/分，血压 90/55 mmHg