内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

What is the MUST tool used for?

1. AScoring the severity of a burn injury
2. BAssessing the risk of falls
3. CScreening adults for malnutrition risk
4. DMeasuring pain in confused patients

Which electrolyte typically falls in refeeding syndrome?

1. ASodium
2. BChloride
3. CPhosphate
4. DCalcium

谁负责获取手术的知情同意？

1. A患者的近亲，或在场的最亲近的亲属
2. B当时有空的任何工作人员
3. C安排患者入院的病房文员
4. D实施手术的临床医生，或经过培训的受托人

当使用阿片类药物的患者镇静程度加深时，为什么这很重要？

1. A镇静意味着疼痛已得到完全、安全的控制
2. B镇静加深通常先于呼吸抑制出现
3. C镇静意味着现在需要更高的剂量
4. D镇静是所有阿片类药物无害且预期的作用

Which statement correctly describes physical dependence on opioids?

1. AThe patient is allergic to opioids
2. BThe drug no longer has any side effects
3. CWithdrawal occurs if the drug is stopped suddenly
4. DThe patient always craves the drug and misuses it despite harm

什么是肿瘤溶解综合征？

1. A最近接受放疗区域的皮肤反应
2. B压迫神经的缓慢生长的肿瘤
3. C对化疗输注的过敏反应
4. D癌细胞迅速分解引起的代谢急症

A few hours after an ERCP, a patient has severe epigastric pain radiating to the back, with vomiting. Which complication is most likely?

1. AHepatitis B infection
2. BAcute appendicitis
3. CPost-ERCP pancreatitis
4. DBiliary colic from a new stone

During preoperative assessment, a patient says their brother had a "very high fever" during an anaesthetic. What is the most important action?

1. AInform the anaesthetist, as malignant hyperthermia may run in the family
2. BGive paracetamol before surgery to prevent fever
3. CReassure the patient that fevers after anaesthesia are always harmless
4. DRecord it as a family allergy to paracetamol