内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

What is a PEG tube?

1. AA catheter placed in a large vein for medicines
2. BA thin tube passed through the nose and down into the small bowel area
3. CA feeding tube placed through the abdominal wall into the stomach
4. DA drain placed in the chest to remove air

How does the pain of acute appendicitis typically progress?

1. AIt starts in the right shoulder, then moves to the chest
2. BIt starts around the umbilicus, then moves to the right lower abdomen
3. CIt starts in the left lower abdomen, then spreads to the back
4. DIt stays in the upper abdomen and eases after meals

Which is the single largest preventable risk factor for cancer?

1. AUsing mobile phones
2. BDrinking tap water
3. CTobacco smoking
4. DWearing synthetic clothing

Which statement about pain in older adults is correct?

1. APain is a normal part of ageing and does not need any treatment at all
2. BOpioids must never be used in people over 70
3. COlder adults feel less pain because nerves wear out
4. DThey may under-report pain, so active assessment is needed

Which monitoring is especially important for a patient receiving parenteral nutrition?

1. ABlood glucose and signs of line infection
2. BPupil size and limb strength
3. CPeak flow and visual acuity
4. DBowel sounds and stool colour only

Which task for a stable patient with an established ileostomy can usually be delegated to a trained healthcare assistant (nursing assistant)?

1. ADeciding whether IV fluids are needed
2. BEmptying the pouch and measuring the output
3. CTeaching the patient about high-output risks
4. DAssessing the stoma for signs of necrosis

A nurse teaches a patient with GORD. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I'll stop smoking because it makes reflux worse."
2. B"Peppermint tea after dinner will settle my reflux."
3. C"I'll try to lose some weight over the next months."
4. D"I'll keep a diary of foods that trigger my symptoms."

一名肠梗阻患者出现持续剧烈疼痛（不再是绞痛）、发热、心率 120 次/分，以及腹部强直、压痛。这提示什么？

1. A便秘，应使用刺激性泻药治疗
2. B正常进展，只需规律的简单镇痛
3. C绞窄或穿孔，需要紧急外科评估
4. D梗阻正在缓解，肠道开始蠕动