内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

Which adverse effects are linked with NSAIDs such as ibuprofen?

1. AHair loss and low white cell count
2. BWeight gain and high potassium only
3. CStomach bleeding and kidney injury
4. DConstipation and pinpoint pupils

Which exercises are usually taught to patients before major surgery?

1. ADeep breathing, coughing and leg exercises
2. BLong-distance running every day
3. CHolding the breath for as long as possible
4. DHeavy weightlifting to build strength

What is a volvulus?

1. AA pouch in the wall of the colon that fills with stool
2. BAn infection of the appendix
3. CA twist of a loop of bowel around itself
4. DA tear in the lining of the anus

Why is thiamine given to patients with alcohol dependence admitted to hospital?

1. ATo prevent bleeding from varices
2. BTo reduce the craving for alcohol
3. CTo treat the cirrhosis directly
4. DTo prevent Wernicke's encephalopathy

Which group of findings suggests obstruction of the bile duct?

1. APale urine, dark stools and a flapping tremor
2. BJaundice, dark urine, pale stools and itching
3. CNormal skin colour with diarrhoea and fever
4. DRed urine, black stools and a high blood glucose

关于多模式镇痛，下列哪项说法正确？

1. A任何时候都只应给一种镇痛药
2. B它是仅用于长期慢性疼痛的方法
3. C联合使用多种阿片类药物以增强整体效果
4. D联合使用不同作用机制的药物以减少阿片类药物的需求

A worker has a hydrofluoric acid burn on the hand and severe pain. After irrigation with water, which specific treatment is commonly applied?

1. AIce cubes wrapped in a cloth
2. BSilver sulfadiazine cream
3. CCalcium gluconate gel
4. DSodium bicarbonate paste

A patient with active cancer on chemotherapy develops new swelling and pain in one calf. Why must this be reported promptly?

1. ACalf swelling is a normal effect of chemotherapy
2. BCancer and its treatment greatly increase clot risk
3. CThe swelling shows the cancer has gone
4. DIt is only a muscle strain from walking