内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

Which electrolyte typically falls in refeeding syndrome?

1. ASodium
2. BPhosphate
3. CCalcium
4. DChloride

What is the main purpose of marking the surgical site before an operation?

1. ATo record the patient's allergy status
2. BTo prevent surgery on the wrong side or site
3. CTo tell the porter which theatre to go to
4. DTo show where the skin should be shaved

哪两个原因导致大多数急性胰腺炎病例？

1. A吸烟和肥胖
2. B病毒性感冒和压力
3. C高纤维和脱水
4. D胆结石和酒精

Which advice helps a patient with haemorrhoids?

1. AEat less fibre so that stools are smaller
2. BTake a codeine-based painkiller every day
3. CSit on the toilet for long periods to empty fully
4. DEat more fibre, drink enough fluid and avoid straining

Which pain pattern classically suggests a duodenal rather than a gastric ulcer?

1. APain 2–3 hours after meals and at night, eased by eating
2. BPain only on deep breathing that eases when sitting forwards
3. CPain in the right lower abdomen with fever and vomiting
4. DPain straight after eating that is worsened by food

PCA 泵的锁定间隔的目的是什么？

1. A在上一剂尚未起效前阻止新剂量
2. B锁住泵，使注射器无法更换
3. C阻止患者在夜间获得任何剂量
4. D使患者在大剂量之间等待一天

A competent adult who is a Jehovah's Witness refuses blood transfusion before major surgery. What should the nurse do?

1. APlan to transfuse secretly during the operation if it becomes needed
2. BRespect the decision, document it and inform the team
3. CAsk the family to override the decision
4. DCancel the surgery without discussing it

急性胰腺炎最初几小时，通常推荐哪种补液策略？

1. A完全不静脉补液，只喝少量口服水
2. B无论患者反应如何，都给予非常大量
3. C以目标为导向的平衡晶体液，根据反应调整
4. D单用静脉白蛋白，不用任何晶体液