内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

Where are venous leg ulcers usually found?

1. AOn the tips of the toes and between the toes
2. BAround the inner ankle, in the gaiter area
3. COn the sole of the foot under the heel
4. DOn the front of the thigh

什么是术后加速康复（ERAS）？

1. A规定患者必须卧床三天
2. B经静脉给予所有药物的方法
3. C帮助患者术后更快康复的护理路径
4. D完全不需要任何麻醉的手术技术

What is portal hypertension?

1. AHigh blood pressure in the arteries of the arms and legs
2. BRaised pressure in the lungs from heart failure
3. CRaised pressure in the portal venous system to the liver
4. DHigh pressure inside the skull

手术后哪个时期最可能发生伤口裂开？

1. A仅在手术过程中
2. B术后约 5–10 天
3. C术后一年以上
4. D最初一小时内

Which lung problem is a known toxicity of bleomycin?

1. ALung cancer within weeks
2. BPulmonary fibrosis
3. CPneumothorax from coughing
4. DAsthma from pollen

为什么在大手术后最初几天，常优先选择规律（定时）镇痛而不是“按需”给药？

1. A它免除了白天评估患者疼痛的需要
2. B它允许给予超过每日最大限量的剂量
3. C它使药物浓度稳定，防止出现剧烈的疼痛高峰
4. D它完全预防所有阿片类药物的副作用

After a coughing fit, the external mark on a patient's nasogastric tube has moved 10 cm. Feed is due. What should the nurse do?

1. AStart the feed at a slow rate and watch for coughing
2. BDo not use the tube until its position is confirmed by policy
3. CGive the medicines only and save the feed for later
4. DPush the tube back to the original mark and start the feed

On day 3 after surgery, a patient has a temperature of 38.6 °C, respiratory rate 24/min, pulse 118/min, BP 92/58 mmHg and new confusion. What should the nurse do?

1. AEncourage oral fluids and wait for the doctor's round
2. BEscalate urgently and start the sepsis pathway
3. CRecord the observations and continue routine care
4. DGive paracetamol and recheck in four hours