内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

颅内压升高的患者通常采用哪种头部体位？

1. A头低于身体（Trendelenburg 体位）
2. B头部抬高约 30°，颈部保持伸直
3. C平躺，头明显转向一侧
4. D坐直，颈部前屈

Which symptoms are typical of benign prostatic hyperplasia?

1. AA weak stream, hesitancy and passing urine at night
2. BBurning pain on passing urine with a high fever
3. CPainless red urine with clots and weight loss
4. DLeaking urine only when coughing or laughing

哪一组症状是甲状腺功能减退的典型表现？

1. A极度口渴和排大量尿
2. B怕热、体重减轻、细微震颤和心悸
3. C腹泻、焦虑、出汗和眼球突出
4. D怕冷、疲倦、体重增加和便秘

A stroke patient speaks fluently, but the words make little sense, and they do not follow simple instructions. Which type of aphasia is this?

1. AExpressive (Broca's) aphasia
2. BDysarthria from facial weakness
3. CGlobal aphasia with no speech at all
4. DReceptive (Wernicke's) aphasia

为什么在急性肾损伤期间，或高危患者使用含碘造影剂前后，通常要暂停二甲双胍？

1. A肾脏受损时它会引起高钾血症
2. B与造影剂同用会引起严重低血糖
3. C它可能蓄积，增加乳酸酸中毒的风险
4. D它会阻断造影剂，使扫描无法读片

A patient taking warfarin is diagnosed with an intracerebral haemorrhage. What is the priority treatment?

1. AIV thrombolysis within 4.5 hours
2. BDoubling the warfarin dose to stabilise the INR
3. CUrgent reversal of the anticoagulant effect
4. DStarting aspirin to prevent further clots

A patient with gastroparesis has hypos soon after their meal-time insulin, then high glucose several hours later. What is the best explanation?

1. AThe meter gives false results for several hours after every meal
2. BThe patient is secretly eating sweets between meals
3. CFood is absorbed slowly, so the insulin peaks before the glucose rises
4. DThe insulin has gone off and needs replacing

A kidney transplant recipient has had vomiting and diarrhoea for two days. Why should the transplant team be contacted?

1. AThe patient may not be absorbing their immunosuppressants
2. BVomiting proves that rejection has already happened
3. CThe tablets will make the vomiting stop
4. DThe kidney will start to produce far too much urine