内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

什么是发作后期（postictal phase）？

1. A强直–阵挛发作开始时的僵直阶段
2. B发作后的嗜睡和意识混乱阶段
3. C发作开始前的先兆感觉
4. D持续超过五分钟的发作

为什么许多慢性肾脏病患者会发生贫血？

1. A透析会从血液中清除铁
2. B肾脏产生的促红细胞生成素减少
3. C肾脏破坏红细胞
4. D每天都有血液随尿丢失

Which symptoms are typical of benign prostatic hyperplasia?

1. AA weak stream, hesitancy and passing urine at night
2. BPainless red urine with clots and weight loss
3. CBurning pain on passing urine with a high fever
4. DLeaking urine only when coughing or laughing

A bladder scan straight after voiding shows 450 mL of urine still in the bladder. What does this show?

1. AThe bladder is not emptying properly
2. BThe patient has drunk too little fluid
3. CThe kidneys are making too little urine
4. DThe patient is passing urine normally

关于高渗高血糖状态（HHS），下列哪项说法正确？

1. A主要影响老年 2 型糖尿病患者，数天内发展
2. B总是引起血酮升高和严重代谢性酸中毒
3. C主要见于 1 型糖尿病幼儿
4. D数分钟内发生，比 DKA 危险性小

Which group of problems is typical of primary hyperparathyroidism?

1. AMuscle cramps, tingling lips and seizures
2. BKidney stones, bone pain, abdominal pain and low mood
3. CHeat intolerance, tremor, weight loss and diarrhoea
4. DHair loss, weight gain and feeling cold

A patient on haemodialysis is on a medical ward. Which task can the registered nurse delegate to a healthcare assistant (nursing assistant)?

1. AWeighing the patient before they go to dialysis
2. BDeciding which morning medicines to hold
3. CTeaching the patient about fluid restriction
4. DAssessing the thrill and bruit of the fistula

对使用甘露醇治疗颅内压升高的患者，哪项护理很重要？

1. A随餐口服给药以减轻恶心
2. B夹闭导尿管以将液体保留在体内
3. C密切监测尿量、血钠和渗透压
4. D治疗期间停止记录液体平衡表