内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

Which features suggest pyelonephritis rather than simple cystitis?

1. AUrine that smells slightly stronger
2. BMild burning on passing urine only
3. CFever, rigors and pain in the loin
4. DPassing urine more often at night only

哪些特征是库欣综合征的典型表现？

1. A怕冷、脉搏缓慢、皮肤干燥和弥漫性脱发
2. B向心性体重增加、满月脸、皮肤变薄、血糖升高
3. C排出大量稀释尿并极度口渴
4. D体重减轻、血压低和皮肤变黑

What is the purpose of a steroid emergency card or medical alert ID?

1. ATo record the patient's blood glucose results
2. BTo show that the patient is allergic to all types of steroid medicine
3. CTo warn staff that extra steroid is needed in illness or injury
4. DTo let the patient buy steroids without a prescription

The day after a thyroidectomy, a patient reports tingling around the mouth and in the fingers. Why might this happen?

1. AThe anaesthetic has caused an allergic reaction
2. BThe patient is breathing too slowly after the operation
3. CThe parathyroid glands may have been damaged, lowering calcium
4. DThe thyroid hormone level has risen too high after surgery

A patient with advanced CKD asks how to manage indigestion. Which option should they avoid?

1. AEating smaller, more frequent meals
2. BMagnesium-containing antacids
3. CAvoiding large meals late in the evening
4. DRaising the head of the bed at night

Which side effects are common with oxybutynin for an overactive bladder?

1. AWeight loss and a fast tremor
2. BA cough and a raised potassium
3. CDiarrhoea and heavy sweating
4. DDry mouth and constipation

A nurse teaches a patient with CKD and a high potassium about diet. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will use a salt substitute instead of ordinary salt."
2. B"I will boil my potatoes and throw away the water."
3. C"I will keep bananas and dried fruit to a minimum."
4. D"I will check food labels for added salt when I go shopping."

A patient with an acute stroke has a glucose of 15 mmol/L (270 mg/dL). They do not have known diabetes. What is appropriate?

1. AReport it and monitor glucose, as it can worsen outcome
2. BGive glucose gel to stabilise the level
3. CStop all IV fluids to lower the glucose
4. DIgnore it, because stress always raises glucose