内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

What is an early sign of kidney damage from diabetes?

1. AA very low blood urea level
2. BBlood in the urine that is visible
3. CSmall amounts of albumin in the urine
4. DPain felt in both kidneys at night

What causes Graves' disease?

1. AAntibodies that stimulate the TSH receptor
2. BA lack of iodine in the diet
3. CToo much TSH from a pituitary tumour
4. DA viral infection of the parathyroid glands

Which fasting plasma glucose level is used to diagnose diabetes?

1. A5.5 mmol/L (99 mg/dL) or higher
2. B15.0 mmol/L (270 mg/dL) or higher
3. C4.0 mmol/L (72 mg/dL) or higher
4. D7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dL) or higher

一名服用达格列净（一种 SGLT2 抑制剂）的患者呕吐，血酮 4.5 mmol/L，但血糖只有 11 mmol/L。应怀疑什么？

1. A不需要处理的正常副作用
2. B高渗高血糖状态
3. C呕吐引起的低血糖
4. D正常血糖性糖尿病酮症酸中毒

Which CSF result is most typical of bacterial meningitis?

1. ABlood-stained fluid that clears in later tubes
2. BCloudy fluid, many neutrophils, low glucose and high protein
3. CClear fluid, many lymphocytes, normal glucose and slightly raised protein
4. DClear fluid with normal cells, glucose and protein

How does the nurse test the facial nerve (VII)?

1. ATouch the forehead, cheek and chin with cotton wool
2. BShine a light in each eye and check the pupil response
3. CAsk them to raise the eyebrows, shut the eyes tightly and smile
4. DAsk the patient to stick out the tongue and move it from side to side

A patient with known back pain says they now cannot feel the skin between their legs and have not passed urine for 12 hours. What should happen?

1. AUrgent MRI and referral to the spinal surgeons
2. BA laxative and review in the clinic in a month
3. CAdvice to rest at home and take stronger painkillers
4. DA routine physiotherapy appointment next week

一名腹膜透析患者发现引流出的液体比灌入的少。他们已四天没有排便，流出液清亮。最可能的原因是什么？

1. A便秘阻碍了流出
2. B透析液温度过低
3. C正常吸收，无需处理
4. D细菌性腹膜炎