内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

Which symptoms are typical early warning signs of hypoglycaemia?

1. ASlow pulse, constipation and feeling cold
2. BDeep, rapid breathing with a fruity breath smell
3. CThirst, dry skin and passing a lot of urine
4. DShaking, sweating, hunger and a fast heartbeat

Why do patients with chronic kidney disease often develop bone disease?

1. AThe bones are attacked by antibodies made in the kidneys
2. BThe kidneys cannot activate vitamin D or clear phosphate
3. CThe kidneys release too much calcium into the bones
4. DPatients usually drink too much milk

哪种类型的卒中最常见？

1. A动脉瘤引起的蛛网膜下腔出血
2. B动脉破裂引起的出血性卒中
3. C动脉阻塞引起的缺血性卒中
4. D脑静脉窦血栓形成

After pressing the plunger of an insulin pen, what should the patient do?

1. ALeave the needle on the pen for the next injection
2. BKeep the needle in the skin for about 10 seconds
3. CPull the needle out at once and rub the site firmly
4. DInject a second dose straight away to be sure

急性肾损伤（KDIGO）的哪项标准与尿量有关？

1. A低于 2 mL/kg/h，持续 1 小时
2. B24 小时内少于 1 L，无论摄入量如何
3. C低于 0.5 mL/kg/h，持续 6 小时或更长
4. D尿液颜色发生任何变化

A patient on peritoneal dialysis has gained weight and has higher glucose levels. Which part of the treatment is the likely cause?

1. AAir entering the abdomen during exchanges
2. BSodium lost into the dialysis fluid
3. CGlucose absorbed from the dialysis fluid
4. DProtein lost into the dialysis fluid

一名因颈椎骨折佩戴 halo 背心的患者发生心脏骤停。必须立即备好什么？

1. A用于打开背心前部以便进行心肺复苏的工具
2. B用于剪断颅骨固定针的剪刀
3. C插入背心下方的硬板
4. D抬高头部和肩部的枕头

A patient taking an SGLT2 inhibitor is booked for major surgery. Which statement is correct?

1. AIt is usually paused in the days before surgery
2. BThe drug must be taken right up until the operation starts
3. CThe dose is usually doubled on the morning of surgery
4. DSurgery is not possible in patients taking this drug