内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

糖尿病患者的低血糖通常以哪个血糖水平来界定？

1. A低于 4.0 mmol/L（约 70 mg/dL）
2. B低于 1.0 mmol/L（约 18 mg/dL）
3. C低于 7.0 mmol/L（约 126 mg/dL）
4. D低于 10 mmol/L（约 180 mg/dL）

How does haemodialysis remove waste from the blood?

1. AA filter in the stomach absorbs waste from food
2. BThe blood is spun so that waste sinks to the bottom
3. CThe waste is removed through a tube in the bladder
4. DWaste diffuses across a membrane into a cleaning fluid

Which symptoms are typical of uraemia in advanced kidney disease?

1. AItching, nausea, tiredness and poor appetite
2. BHeat intolerance, tremor and weight loss
3. CSevere flank pain with visible blood in the urine
4. DExcess thirst with a very high glucose

A patient with multiple sclerosis says their symptoms get worse after a hot bath. What should the nurse explain?

1. AThey should take very cold baths to reverse the damage
2. BThis shows that the disease has entered a new progressive stage
3. CHot baths cause new areas of damage in the brain
4. DHeat can briefly worsen MS symptoms, which settle when they cool down

Why is IV calcium gluconate given in severe hyperkalaemia?

1. AIt removes potassium through the kidneys
2. BIt protects the heart from arrhythmias
3. CIt binds potassium in the gut
4. DIt moves potassium into the cells

甲状腺切除术后，为什么常在床边备有拆线或拆夹器？

1. A用于从颈静脉抽血
2. B必须在术后第一天晚上拆线
3. C用于在引流管不通时调整引流管
4. D颈部血肿可压迫气道，可能需要松解

Four patients had a minor head injury with no loss of consciousness and a GCS of 15. Which one most needs a CT scan of the head?

1. AA 78-year-old who takes warfarin for atrial fibrillation
2. BA 40-year-old with a mild headache that is improving
3. CA 30-year-old who bumped their head on a cupboard door
4. DA 25-year-old with a small scalp graze after a fall

一名护士正在护理四位患者。应首先看哪位患者？

1. A询问磷结合剂的 CKD 患者
2. B流出液清亮的腹膜透析患者
3. C到了服用左甲状腺素时间的稳定型甲状腺功能减退患者
4. D开颅术后右侧瞳孔新近散大且反应迟钝的患者