内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

What is a positive Kernig's sign?

1. ABending of the hips and knees when the neck is flexed
2. BBruising behind the ear after a head injury
3. CTwitching of the facial muscles when the cheek is tapped in front of the ear
4. DPain and resistance when the knee is straightened with the hip flexed

为什么卒中溶栓前必须先做头部 CT 扫描？

1. A测量症状已开始多长时间
2. B查看患者是否同时有颅骨骨折
3. C检查患者以前是否发生过卒中
4. D排除出血，因为溶栓会使出血加重

What is the normal range for serum potassium in an adult?

1. AAbout 6.0–7.5 mmol/L
2. BAbout 1.5–2.5 mmol/L
3. CAbout 135–145 mmol/L
4. DAbout 3.5–5.0 mmol/L

一名右半球卒中的患者忽略盘子左侧的食物。这称为什么？

1. A表达性失语
2. B吞咽困难
3. C小脑共济失调
4. D左侧忽略

A patient has taken metformin for many years and now has tingling feet and a low haemoglobin. Which blood test is most relevant?

1. ABlood alcohol level
2. BThyroid antibodies
3. CSerum amylase
4. DVitamin B12 level

Which picture fits Brown-Séquard syndrome?

1. AWeakness of both arms with normal strength in the legs
2. BParalysis of both legs, with normal sensation everywhere in the body
3. CWeakness on the same side and loss of pain on the opposite side
4. DLoss of all feeling but normal movement on both sides

A patient with Parkinson's disease is nil by mouth after abdominal surgery. Their levodopa is due. What is the best action?

1. AContact the prescriber or pharmacist about another route
2. BGive the tablets with a sip of water anyway
3. CGive double the dose once eating restarts
4. DOmit the dose until the patient can swallow again

Near the end of a haemodialysis session, a patient has painful leg cramps and a falling blood pressure. What is the most likely cause?

1. AAn allergic reaction to the needles
2. BThe dialysate is too cold
3. CFluid is being removed too quickly
4. DNot enough fluid is being removed