内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

全面性强直–阵挛发作期间，正确的急救措施是什么？

1. A尽快把勺子或塑料通气道放在牙齿之间
2. B用力按住手臂和腿，直到抽搐停止
3. C垫住头部、记录发作时间，口中不放任何东西
4. D让患者坐起并喂少量水以防呛咳

A patient with advanced CKD has a high potassium. Which foods are often limited?

1. AEgg whites, chicken and fish
2. BBananas, potatoes and oranges
3. CWhite rice, pasta and bread
4. DApples, berries and cabbage

Which type of insulin is given intravenously, for example in an insulin infusion?

1. APremixed biphasic insulin
2. BLong-acting insulin glargine
3. CSoluble (regular) short-acting insulin
4. DIntermediate-acting NPH (isophane) insulin

A patient has just started haemodialysis. What usually happens to their protein needs?

1. AProtein must be replaced only by IV infusion
2. BThey increase, because dialysis removes amino acids
3. CThey stay exactly the same as they were before dialysis
4. DThey fall to almost zero to rest the kidneys

Why does a patient with untreated hypothyroidism need extra care when given opioids or sedatives?

1. AThey break the drugs down slowly and are more sensitive to them
2. BThey clear the drugs too fast, so higher doses are needed
3. CThese drugs make the thyroid gland overactive
4. DThere is no difference compared with other patients

Before checking a capillary glucose, why should the patient wash their hands with soap and water?

1. AWashing prevents all infection from the lancet
2. BWashing lowers the glucose in the blood
3. CSoap makes the blood flow faster from the finger
4. DSugar on the skin can give a falsely high reading

A patient with hypopituitarism needs both hydrocortisone and levothyroxine. Which is usually started first?

1. ALevothyroxine
2. BHydrocortisone
3. CBoth on the same day, in any order
4. DNeither, until symptoms appear

A large pituitary tumour presses on the optic chiasm. Which visual field defect is most typical?

1. ALoss of the outer half of the field in both eyes
2. BComplete blindness in one eye only
3. CLoss of the inner half of the field in both eyes
4. DLoss of central vision in both eyes