内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

哪种类型的卒中最常见？

1. A动脉瘤引起的蛛网膜下腔出血
2. B脑静脉窦血栓形成
3. C动脉破裂引起的出血性卒中
4. D动脉阻塞引起的缺血性卒中

Which symptoms are typical of benign prostatic hyperplasia?

1. AA weak stream, hesitancy and passing urine at night
2. BBurning pain on passing urine with a high fever
3. CPainless red urine with clots and weight loss
4. DLeaking urine only when coughing or laughing

Which description best fits an absence seizure?

1. AA sudden loss of muscle tone that makes the person fall
2. BStiffening and then jerking of all four limbs for several minutes
3. CJerking that starts in one hand and spreads up the arm
4. DA brief staring spell of a few seconds with a quick return to normal

A patient is starting nitrofurantoin for a UTI. Which teaching point is correct?

1. AIt must be taken only once a week
2. BIt may turn the urine dark yellow or brown
3. CIt should be taken on an empty stomach with milk
4. DIt turns the tears and sweat bright orange

A nurse is teaching a patient going home after a mild concussion. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"Someone will stay with me for the first night."
2. B"I will return if my headache gets steadily worse."
3. C"A few drinks tonight will help me relax and sleep."
4. D"I will come back if I start vomiting again and again."

脊髓损伤患者发生自主神经反射异常最常见的诱因是什么？

1. A长时间睡眠
2. B膀胱充盈或导尿管堵塞
3. C夜间吃得过快的一顿大餐
4. D低血糖

A nurse teaches the family of a patient on insulin how to manage a severe hypo. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"When she can swallow, I will give her a snack."
2. B"I will put her on her side and call an ambulance straight away."
3. C"If she is unconscious, I will pour juice into her mouth."
4. D"I will give the glucagon as I was shown."

一名血液透析患者问为什么透析间期要限制液体。哪项解释是正确的？

1. A过多的液体积聚，使血压升高，并在透析时引起呼吸困难和痉挛
2. B喝水会使透析从血液中清除过多的钾
3. C限制液体主要是为了缩短在机器上的时间
4. D额外的液体会削弱内瘘壁，使其更容易破裂