内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

Which symptoms are typical of benign prostatic hyperplasia?

1. ABurning pain on passing urine with a high fever
2. BA weak stream, hesitancy and passing urine at night
3. CPainless red urine with clots and weight loss
4. DLeaking urine only when coughing or laughing

Which hormones does the adrenal medulla release?

1. ACortisol and aldosterone
2. BThyroxine and calcitonin
3. CAdrenaline and noradrenaline
4. DInsulin and glucagon

Which three responses make up the Glasgow Coma Scale?

1. AOrientation to time, place and person, plus memory
2. BEye opening, verbal response and motor response
3. CReflexes, muscle tone and sensation
4. DPupil size, pulse and blood pressure

哪项护理措施有助于预防颅内压升高？

1. A鼓励每小时用力咳嗽
2. B预防便秘，并分散安排护理操作
3. C把所有护理和吸痰集中在一次长时间操作中
4. D让患者平躺，髋部屈曲成锐角

In the first trimester of pregnancy, why is propylthiouracil often preferred to carbimazole for hyperthyroidism?

1. APropylthiouracil has no side effects at all
2. BCarbimazole cannot cross into the mother's blood
3. CCarbimazole has a higher risk of birth defects early on
4. DPropylthiouracil works faster than any other drug

Why is pyridostigmine often taken about 30–60 minutes before meals by patients with myasthenia gravis?

1. ATo stop the drug from irritating an empty stomach later on
2. BTo reduce stomach acid so the food is digested better
3. CTo improve the strength of chewing and swallowing at mealtimes
4. DTo lower the blood glucose rise after eating a meal

一名 22 岁的 1 型糖尿病患者血糖 28 mmol/L，酮体 5.2 mmol/L，pH 7.10，血钾 5.9 mmol/L。关于钾，下列哪项说法正确？

1. A应暂停胰岛素以保持血钾稳定
2. B开始使用胰岛素后就无需再复查钾
3. C全身钾过多，所以现在需要钾结合剂
4. D全身钾不足，治疗后血钾会下降

A patient with a new arm fistula says their hand on that side is cold, pale and painful, especially during dialysis. What is the concern?

1. ASteal syndrome, which needs urgent review
2. BAn allergic reaction to the dressing on the arm
3. CFluid overload in the arm
4. DNormal healing that needs no action