内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

What is the main cause of type 1 diabetes?

1. AInsulin resistance caused mainly by excess body weight
2. BAutoimmune destruction of the insulin-making beta cells
3. CA lack of glucagon from the pancreas
4. DEating too much sugar and sweet food during childhood

Where is a transplanted kidney usually placed?

1. AIn the original kidney position at the back
2. BIn the chest, next to the heart
3. CJust under the skin of the arm
4. DIn the lower abdomen, in the iliac fossa

What does a complete spinal cord injury mean?

1. AThe patient can move but cannot feel below the injury
2. BThe spinal cord has been cut into two separate pieces
3. CAll vertebrae in the neck are broken
4. DNo movement or feeling below the injury, even in the sacral area

为什么脊髓损伤后常教患者间歇性自我导尿？

1. A它完全消除尿路感染的风险
2. B主要用于准确测量尿量
3. C膀胱可能无法排空，定期排空可保护肾脏
4. D它训练膀胱随时间逐渐变大

In the first trimester of pregnancy, why is propylthiouracil often preferred to carbimazole for hyperthyroidism?

1. ACarbimazole has a higher risk of birth defects early on
2. BCarbimazole cannot cross into the mother's blood
3. CPropylthiouracil has no side effects at all
4. DPropylthiouracil works faster than any other drug

Why are tacrolimus blood levels checked regularly?

1. AThe levels show how much urine the kidney is making
2. BToo high harms the kidney; too low risks rejection
3. CThe drug only works if levels are as high as possible
4. DThe levels show whether the patient has diabetes

A patient had rapid-acting insulin before lunch, then vomited the meal 15 minutes later. What should the nurse do?

1. AIgnore it, because vomiting raises blood glucose
2. BGive the evening long-acting insulin early to balance it
3. CGive another insulin dose because the meal was lost
4. DMonitor glucose closely and tell the prescriber about the hypo risk

Which task can the registered nurse delegate to a trained healthcare assistant (nursing assistant)?

1. AChecking pre-meal glucose and reporting results out of range
2. BAssessing a confused patient whose glucose is 2.6 mmol/L (47 mg/dL)
3. CTeaching a new patient how to inject insulin
4. DDeciding the dose of correction insulin from the glucose result