内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

什么是发作后期（postictal phase）？

1. A强直–阵挛发作开始时的僵直阶段
2. B发作开始前的先兆感觉
3. C发作后的嗜睡和意识混乱阶段
4. D持续超过五分钟的发作

Which statement about metformin is correct?

1. AIt is the usual first treatment for type 1 diabetes in adults
2. BIt works by making the pancreas release a lot more insulin
3. CUsed on its own, it rarely causes hypoglycaemia
4. DIt is given by injection into the abdomen once a week

What is the purpose of a steroid emergency card or medical alert ID?

1. ATo let the patient buy steroids without a prescription
2. BTo record the patient's blood glucose results
3. CTo warn staff that extra steroid is needed in illness or injury
4. DTo show that the patient is allergic to all types of steroid medicine

Why might a patient bleed more from the needle sites straight after haemodialysis?

1. ADialysis removes all the platelets from the blood
2. BHeparin is often used to stop the circuit from clotting
3. CDialysis raises the blood pressure sharply for several hours
4. DThe fistula has been damaged and must be tied off

A patient takes an SGLT2 inhibitor. Which sick-day advice is correct?

1. AStop drinking fluids while taking the drug
2. BDouble the dose during illness to control the glucose
3. CPause the drug during illness with vomiting or poor intake
4. DKeep taking it as normal, whatever the illness

在 DKA 治疗期间，血糖降到约 14 mmol/L（约 250 mg/dL）以下，但酮体仍然升高。通常会怎么处理？

1. A立即停止胰岛素输注
2. B患者进餐，静脉治疗停止
3. C停止所有静脉输液以避免液体过多
4. D在液体中加入葡萄糖；继续使用胰岛素

一名持续夜间肠内营养的患者，其胰岛素的给药时间与营养液相匹配。凌晨 02:00 导管堵塞，营养液停止。主要风险是什么，护士应怎么做？

1. A没有风险；胰岛素只是会被储存到重新喂养时
2. B低血糖；经常检测血糖，并按计划进行血糖保护
3. C酮症酸中毒；停用所有胰岛素直到早晨
4. D高血糖；立即额外给一剂胰岛素

A kidney transplant recipient has had vomiting and diarrhoea for two days. Why should the transplant team be contacted?

1. AThe tablets will make the vomiting stop
2. BVomiting proves that rejection has already happened
3. CThe patient may not be absorbing their immunosuppressants
4. DThe kidney will start to produce far too much urine