内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

Which statement about adult polycystic kidney disease is correct?

1. AIt is inherited, and cysts slowly enlarge both kidneys
2. BIt only ever affects one of the two kidneys
3. CIt is caused by repeated urinary infections
4. DIt is caused by drinking too little water

What is spinal shock?

1. AA temporary loss of reflexes and tone below a spinal cord injury
2. BA permanent loss of feeling in both hands only, from nerve damage
3. CA very low blood pressure caused by blood loss after trauma
4. DA severe allergic reaction to spinal anaesthetic

What is the most common cause of intrinsic (renal) acute kidney injury in hospital?

1. AAcute tubular necrosis
2. BPolycystic kidney disease
3. CKidney stones
4. DAn enlarged prostate

一名服用格列齐特（一种磺脲类药物）的患者因低血糖入院。为什么需要延长监测时间？

1. A该药数小时的延迟后才使血糖升高
2. B磺脲类药物自身不会引起低血糖
3. C该药只在夜间起作用，因此晨起检查无用
4. D该药作用持续多个小时，低血糖可能再次出现

A patient with untreated hyperthyroidism is losing weight. Which diet is most appropriate until the condition is controlled?

1. AA low-calorie diet to protect the heart
2. BA strict low-protein diet
3. CA high-calorie diet with enough protein
4. DA diet very high in caffeine for energy

一名服用达格列净（一种 SGLT2 抑制剂）的患者呕吐，血酮 4.5 mmol/L，但血糖只有 11 mmol/L。应怀疑什么？

1. A正常血糖性糖尿病酮症酸中毒
2. B高渗高血糖状态
3. C呕吐引起的低血糖
4. D不需要处理的正常副作用

A nurse teaches a wheelchair user with a spinal cord injury about skin care. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I only need to check my skin when something hurts."
2. B"I will keep my skin clean and dry."
3. C"I will shift my weight in the chair regularly."
4. D"I will use a mirror to check my bottom and heels every day."

对使用甘露醇治疗颅内压升高的患者，哪项护理很重要？

1. A夹闭导尿管以将液体保留在体内
2. B随餐口服给药以减轻恶心
3. C密切监测尿量、血钠和渗透压
4. D治疗期间停止记录液体平衡表