内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

Which symptoms are typical of benign prostatic hyperplasia?

1. AA weak stream, hesitancy and passing urine at night
2. BPainless red urine with clots and weight loss
3. CBurning pain on passing urine with a high fever
4. DLeaking urine only when coughing or laughing

What is the most common type of kidney stone?

1. AUric acid
2. BCalcium oxalate
3. CStruvite
4. DCystine

A patient with Bell's palsy cannot close one eye fully. Which advice is most important?

1. AUse lubricating eye drops and protect or tape the eye at night
2. BMassage the closed eyeball firmly several times every day
3. CLeave the eye uncovered so air can dry it out
4. DWear contact lenses to keep the eye moist

A patient has acute low back pain with no red flags. Which advice is most appropriate?

1. AStay as active as possible and use simple pain relief
2. BStay in bed for two weeks until the pain is gone
3. CWear a rigid back brace all day and night for at least three months
4. DAvoid all movement until an MRI scan has been done

Why are insulin and glucose given together to treat hyperkalaemia?

1. AInsulin makes the kidneys pass more potassium in the urine
2. BInsulin moves potassium into cells; glucose prevents a hypo
3. CInsulin protects the heart muscle cells from the potassium
4. DGlucose binds the potassium in the blood and removes it

A patient with Conn's syndrome starts spironolactone. Which blood test should the nurse watch most closely?

1. AAmylase
2. BGlucose
3. CPotassium
4. DCalcium

A kidney transplant recipient has had vomiting and diarrhoea for two days. Why should the transplant team be contacted?

1. AThe patient may not be absorbing their immunosuppressants
2. BThe tablets will make the vomiting stop
3. CThe kidney will start to produce far too much urine
4. DVomiting proves that rejection has already happened

一名颅内压升高的患者需要气管内吸痰。哪种做法最恰当？

1. A吸引至少 30 秒，一次清除所有分泌物
2. B预先给氧，每次吸引时间要短，并限制吸引次数
3. C常规每 15 分钟吸引一次，即使没有分泌物
4. D吸痰时让患者平躺并转头