内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

Which organism causes most urinary tract infections?

1. AStaphylococcus aureus
2. BStreptococcus pneumoniae
3. CCandida albicans
4. DEscherichia coli

Why are patients with a spinal cord injury at very high risk of pressure injuries?

1. ATheir blood sugar is always very high, which damages the skin
2. BTheir skin is thinner than other people's skin
3. CThey cannot feel or move the body below the injury
4. DThey usually have a high fever for many weeks

Which finding is a common reason for urgent dialysis?

1. AA mildly raised creatinine with no symptoms
2. BA haemoglobin of 105 g/L (10.5 g/dL) with mild tiredness
3. CA single episode of itching
4. DHyperkalaemia that does not respond to treatment

一名 SIADH 患者血钠 126 mmol/L，症状轻微。通常的一线治疗是什么？

1. A静脉输注 5% 葡萄糖
2. B去氨加压素
3. C限制液体
4. D额外口服水

A nurse is teaching a patient going home after a mild concussion. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will come back if I start vomiting again and again."
2. B"A few drinks tonight will help me relax and sleep."
3. C"I will return if my headache gets steadily worse."
4. D"Someone will stay with me for the first night."

一名患者醒来时出现卒中症状。他们 23:00 上床时一切正常，06:30 醒来。哪个时间被用作发病时间？

1. A做 CT 扫描的时间
2. B23:00，即最后一次已知正常的时间
3. C06:30，即首次发现症状的时间
4. D到达医院的时间

Three days after a stroke, a patient with dysphagia on a modified diet has a temperature of 38.2 °C (100.8 °F), a respiratory rate of 24/min and crackles at the right lung base. What should the nurse do?

1. AEncourage more fluids by mouth to treat the fever
2. BRecord the findings and recheck them at the next routine observation
3. CGive paracetamol (acetaminophen) and continue the modified diet as before
4. DSuspect aspiration pneumonia, stop oral intake and escalate for review

一名服用锂盐的患者多尿、口渴，使用去氨加压素后尿液仍不能浓缩。最可能的原因是什么？

1. A锂引起的肾性尿崩症
2. B头部受伤后的中枢性尿崩症
3. C新发的 1 型糖尿病
4. D锂引起的 SIADH