内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

What is automated peritoneal dialysis?

1. AA single exchange done once a week
2. BDialysis that needs no fluid at all
3. CDialysis in hospital through an arm fistula
4. DExchanges done overnight by a machine

哪些特征是库欣综合征的典型表现？

1. A排出大量稀释尿并极度口渴
2. B怕冷、脉搏缓慢、皮肤干燥和弥漫性脱发
3. C向心性体重增加、满月脸、皮肤变薄、血糖升高
4. D体重减轻、血压低和皮肤变黑

What does the term epilepsy mean?

1. AA single seizure caused by a high fever
2. BA seizure caused only by low blood sugar
3. CA tendency to have recurrent seizures that are not provoked
4. DAny brief loss of consciousness, such as fainting

A patient with severe vomiting and diarrhoea takes ramipril, furosemide and metformin. Which advice is correct?

1. ADouble the furosemide to prevent fluid retention
2. BPause these medicines until eating and drinking again
3. CAdd ibuprofen to treat the abdominal cramps
4. DKeep taking everything as normal and drink less

A patient with gout has recurrent uric acid kidney stones. Which treatment helps prevent them?

1. AVitamin C supplements and a high-meat diet
2. BAllopurinol and making the urine less acidic
3. CCalcium tablets and a low-fluid diet
4. DRestricting fluids in the evening only

After transsphenoidal pituitary surgery, which advice should the patient follow?

1. ALie completely flat for at least a week after surgery
2. BAvoid blowing the nose, straining and bending forward
3. CDrink through a straw to keep the nose clean
4. DBlow the nose often to clear any clots

A nurse teaches a patient about peritoneal dialysis. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"If the fluid is cloudy, I'll see if it clears next time."
2. B"I will check my exit site every day."
3. C"I will wash my hands carefully before each exchange."
4. D"I will weigh myself daily and record my fluid balance."

A patient with an insulin pump is admitted with nausea, a glucose of 19 mmol/L (342 mg/dL) and blood ketones of 3.1 mmol/L. What is the priority?

1. AIncrease the pump rate and recheck the ketones in 12 hours
2. BSuspect failed insulin delivery and give insulin by another route
3. CDisconnect the pump and give no insulin until the ketones clear
4. DGive an antiemetic only, because nausea is causing the high glucose