内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

Which three responses make up the Glasgow Coma Scale?

1. APupil size, pulse and blood pressure
2. BOrientation to time, place and person, plus memory
3. CReflexes, muscle tone and sensation
4. DEye opening, verbal response and motor response

哪些特征是库欣综合征的典型表现？

1. A向心性体重增加、满月脸、皮肤变薄、血糖升高
2. B排出大量稀释尿并极度口渴
3. C体重减轻、血压低和皮肤变黑
4. D怕冷、脉搏缓慢、皮肤干燥和弥漫性脱发

Which symptom is the classic warning sign of bladder cancer?

1. ABurning pain on passing urine
2. BSevere loin pain that comes in waves
3. CLeaking urine when coughing
4. DPainless visible blood in the urine

关于高渗高血糖状态（HHS），下列哪项说法正确？

1. A主要影响老年 2 型糖尿病患者，数天内发展
2. B主要见于 1 型糖尿病幼儿
3. C总是引起血酮升高和严重代谢性酸中毒
4. D数分钟内发生，比 DKA 危险性小

Which long-term risk should a kidney transplant recipient be taught to reduce with sun protection?

1. AHair loss
2. BGout
3. CSkin cancer
4. DKidney stones

一名服用卡比马唑治疗甲状腺功能亢进的患者主诉咽痛和发热。护士应怎么做？

1. A安排紧急全血细胞计数，排查粒细胞缺乏症
2. B将剂量加倍，以更快控制甲状腺
3. C安慰患者，因为该药没有严重的血液副作用
4. D建议用盐水漱口，并继续服药一周

一名长期大剂量服用泼尼松龙的患者在肠道手术后第三天。他们只主诉轻度腹痛，但心率升至 115 次/分，体温 37.4 °C。为什么护士应特别担忧？

1. A轻度疼痛说明肠道正在如预期般愈合
2. B类固醇可预防感染，所以不太可能发生脓毒症
3. C类固醇可掩盖发热、疼痛和腹膜刺激征，隐藏并发症
4. D类固醇使所有患者都出现心动过速，所以无需处理

Which patient on a stroke unit is most at risk of falling?

1. AA patient with a right-hemisphere stroke who is impulsive and denies having weakness
2. BA patient with a left-hemisphere stroke who has expressive aphasia and waits for help
3. CA patient with a TIA whose symptoms resolved completely yesterday
4. DA patient with mild dysarthria who walks steadily with a frame