内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

为什么记录卒中患者最后一次已知正常的时间很重要？

1. A这个时间决定哪一侧大脑受累
2. B一小时后才就诊的患者不能收入卒中单元
3. C溶栓等治疗取决于发病后经过的时间
4. D需要用这个时间计算患者的 GCS 评分

A febrile patient has a rash that does not fade when a glass is pressed against it. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AMeningococcal septicaemia
2. BHeat rash from a high temperature
3. CA simple viral skin rash
4. DAn allergic reaction to soap

What causes myasthenia gravis?

1. AAntibodies against acetylcholine receptors on muscle
2. BDamage to myelin in the brain and spinal cord
3. CLoss of dopamine-producing cells in the midbrain
4. DCompression of a nerve root in the lower back

A patient receives phenytoin through a nasogastric tube along with continuous enteral feed. Which issue should the nurse know about?

1. APhenytoin makes the feed curdle, so the two must never be used in one patient
2. BThe feed can reduce phenytoin absorption, so the feed is often paused around the dose
3. CPhenytoin must be crushed and mixed into the feed bag
4. DThe feed increases phenytoin levels and causes toxicity within hours

After a change in the levothyroxine dose, when is the TSH usually rechecked?

1. AAfter 3 days
2. BAfter 24 hours
3. CAfter about 6–8 weeks
4. DAfter about 2 years of treatment

Which picture fits anterior cord syndrome?

1. ALoss of movement and pain sense, with position sense kept
2. BArms much weaker than legs after a neck injury
3. CNormal movement but complete loss of position sense
4. DWeakness on one side and loss of pain sensation on the other side

A nurse teaches a patient with CKD and a high potassium about diet. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will boil my potatoes and throw away the water."
2. B"I will keep bananas and dried fruit to a minimum."
3. C"I will check food labels for added salt when I go shopping."
4. D"I will use a salt substitute instead of ordinary salt."

Which patient on a stroke unit is most at risk of falling?

1. AA patient with a TIA whose symptoms resolved completely yesterday
2. BA patient with a left-hemisphere stroke who has expressive aphasia and waits for help
3. CA patient with mild dysarthria who walks steadily with a frame
4. DA patient with a right-hemisphere stroke who is impulsive and denies having weakness