内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

What is the normal range for total serum calcium in an adult?

1. AAbout 1.0–1.5 mmol/L (4.0–6.0 mg/dL)
2. BAbout 0.7–1.0 mmol/L (2.8–4.0 mg/dL)
3. CAbout 2.2–2.6 mmol/L (8.5–10.5 mg/dL)
4. DAbout 3.5–5.0 mmol/L (14–20 mg/dL)

Which finding is a common reason for urgent dialysis?

1. AA single episode of itching
2. BHyperkalaemia that does not respond to treatment
3. CA mildly raised creatinine with no symptoms
4. DA haemoglobin of 105 g/L (10.5 g/dL) with mild tiredness

为什么记录卒中患者最后一次已知正常的时间很重要？

1. A溶栓等治疗取决于发病后经过的时间
2. B需要用这个时间计算患者的 GCS 评分
3. C一小时后才就诊的患者不能收入卒中单元
4. D这个时间决定哪一侧大脑受累

一名原发性肾上腺皮质功能减退的患者发热。关于类固醇替代治疗，通常的病日建议是什么？

1. A将剂量减半以减少副作用
2. B增加糖皮质激素剂量，常为加倍
3. C在发热消退前停用类固醇
4. D保持常规剂量，暂时避免多喝水

Which measure best prevents catheter-associated urinary tract infection?

1. AKeep the drainage bag above bladder level
2. BDisconnect the bag regularly to empty it
3. CChange the catheter for a new one every day
4. DRemove the catheter as soon as it is no longer needed

A man starts tamsulosin for BPH. Which teaching point is most important?

1. AStop it if the urine stream improves
2. BTake it with grapefruit juice to make it work better
3. CStand up slowly, because it can make you dizzy
4. DExpect the drug to shrink the prostate within a day

The nurse has four patients with diabetes. Which one needs to be seen first?

1. AA patient waiting for a routine HbA1c test
2. BA patient with a glucose of 14 mmol/L (252 mg/dL) who feels well and is eating
3. CA newly diagnosed patient asking about which foods to eat
4. DA patient with a glucose of 2.8 mmol/L (50 mg/dL) who is sweaty and confused

A patient who had pituitary surgery has fatigue and feels cold. TSH is low, and free T4 is low. What is the most likely cause?

1. AOver-replacement with levothyroxine
2. BSecondary hypothyroidism
3. CHyperthyroidism from Graves' disease
4. DPrimary hypothyroidism from thyroid failure