内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

What is the most important risk factor for bladder cancer?

1. ASmoking
2. BFrequent urinary infections in childhood
3. CA diet high in fruit
4. DDrinking a lot of water

Which side effect is common when starting a GLP-1 receptor agonist such as semaglutide?

1. AA dry cough
2. BWeight gain
3. CHair growth
4. DNausea

Tapping the cheek in front of the ear makes the facial muscles twitch. What is this sign called?

1. AKernig's sign
2. BBattle's sign
3. CChvostek's sign
4. DTrousseau's sign

Which signs suggest rejection of a kidney transplant?

1. AA rash on the face after sun exposure
2. BA cough, wheeze and a runny nose with sneezing
3. CLess urine, a rising creatinine and a tender graft
4. DMore urine, a falling creatinine and weight loss

在 DKA 治疗期间，血糖降到约 14 mmol/L（约 250 mg/dL）以下，但酮体仍然升高。通常会怎么处理？

1. A患者进餐，静脉治疗停止
2. B在液体中加入葡萄糖；继续使用胰岛素
3. C停止所有静脉输液以避免液体过多
4. D立即停止胰岛素输注

一名服用卡比马唑治疗甲状腺功能亢进的患者主诉咽痛和发热。护士应怎么做？

1. A将剂量加倍，以更快控制甲状腺
2. B安排紧急全血细胞计数，排查粒细胞缺乏症
3. C建议用盐水漱口，并继续服药一周
4. D安慰患者，因为该药没有严重的血液副作用

全甲状腺切除术后，一名患者焦虑，出现喘鸣和颈部紧张性肿胀。护士首先应做什么？

1. A呼叫紧急援助：血肿可能压迫气道
2. B在颈部放冰袋，让患者平躺
3. C给予镇痛，一小时后再评估肿胀
4. D让患者尽可能多说话，以测试声音

A patient with acromegaly snores loudly, stops breathing at times in sleep and is sleepy during the day. What is most likely?

1. ANormal snoring
2. BAn anxiety disorder
3. CNarcolepsy
4. DObstructive sleep apnoea