内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

对每名疑似卒中的患者都应尽早进行哪项简单检查，因为异常结果可以模拟卒中？

1. A视力表
2. B毛细血管血糖
3. C呼气峰流速
4. D尿试纸检测

What is the normal range for serum potassium in an adult?

1. AAbout 3.5–5.0 mmol/L
2. BAbout 135–145 mmol/L
3. CAbout 1.5–2.5 mmol/L
4. DAbout 6.0–7.5 mmol/L

Where should a urinary catheter drainage bag be kept?

1. AAbove the bladder so urine flows faster
2. BOn the floor under the bed, out of the way
3. COn the bed next to the patient's pillow
4. DBelow the level of the bladder and off the floor

Why are patients with an acute spinal cord injury at high risk of deep vein thrombosis?

1. AThey usually take oestrogen as part of their treatment
2. BThe injury makes the blood too thin to clot properly in the veins
3. CParalysed leg muscles no longer pump blood back to the heart
4. DSpinal injuries always damage the large veins of the legs

Which blood gas pattern is typical of acute kidney injury?

1. AHigh pH and low carbon dioxide
2. BHigh pH and high bicarbonate
3. CLow pH and high carbon dioxide only
4. DLow pH and low bicarbonate

脑灌注压（CPP）如何计算？

1. A舒张压减去中心静脉压
2. B平均动脉压除以心率
3. C平均动脉压减去颅内压
4. D收缩压加颅内压

After removal of a cortisol-producing adrenal adenoma, why may the patient need hydrocortisone for months?

1. AHydrocortisone helps the wound to heal
2. BThe operation always removes both adrenal glands
3. CThe other adrenal gland has been suppressed
4. DThe tumour will grow back quickly without it

一名老年 2 型糖尿病患者血糖 48 mmol/L，渗透压 365 mOsm/kg，无明显酮体，意识混乱。首要任务是什么？

1. A谨慎静脉补液，并密切检查渗透压、血钠和血糖
2. B口服葡萄糖以防治疗期间发生低血糖
3. C严格限制液体以避免脑水肿
4. D大剂量静脉推注胰岛素，使血糖在一小时内降至正常