内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

After a head injury, a patient has bruising behind the ear over the mastoid bone. What does this suggest?

1. AA fractured jaw
2. BA fracture of the base of the skull
3. CA simple scalp laceration
4. DAn injury to the outer ear only

What does the HbA1c test show?

1. AThe average blood glucose over about two to three months
2. BThe blood glucose at the exact moment that the sample is taken
3. CThe amount of insulin the pancreas is making
4. DThe glucose level over the last 24 hours only

How is chronic kidney disease defined?

1. AA sudden rise in creatinine over 48 hours after surgery
2. BAny single raised creatinine result
3. CAbnormal kidney function or structure for over 3 months
4. DKidney pain lasting more than a week

A patient taking sodium valproate becomes tired and is vomiting, and the nurse notices yellowing of the eyes. What is the main concern?

1. AA sign that the dose is too low
2. BA normal adjustment reaction to the drug
3. CDehydration from drinking too little
4. DLiver toxicity from valproate

Before checking a capillary glucose, why should the patient wash their hands with soap and water?

1. AWashing prevents all infection from the lancet
2. BWashing lowers the glucose in the blood
3. CSoap makes the blood flow faster from the finger
4. DSugar on the skin can give a falsely high reading

为什么在急性肾损伤期间，或高危患者使用含碘造影剂前后，通常要暂停二甲双胍？

1. A与造影剂同用会引起严重低血糖
2. B它可能蓄积，增加乳酸酸中毒的风险
3. C它会阻断造影剂，使扫描无法读片
4. D肾脏受损时它会引起高钾血症

The night after hip surgery, an 84-year-old becomes suddenly confused and tries to pull out their IV line. What is the most appropriate first step?

1. ALook for causes such as low oxygen, pain, retention or infection
2. BAsk for a strong sedative so that the patient can sleep
3. CApply wrist restraints to protect the IV line
4. DTell the family that this is the start of dementia

A nurse teaches a wheelchair user with a spinal cord injury about skin care. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will use a mirror to check my bottom and heels every day."
2. B"I will keep my skin clean and dry."
3. C"I will shift my weight in the chair regularly."
4. D"I only need to check my skin when something hurts."