内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

一名有动静脉内瘘的患者说它不再“嗡嗡”作响了。护士应怎么做？

1. A紧急上报：内瘘可能已形成血栓
2. B测量该手臂的血压以检查血流
3. C安慰患者，说夜间这样是正常的
4. D用紧的绷带包扎以恢复血流

癫痫发作期间，最有用的记录内容是什么？

1. A整个过程中每分钟的血压
2. B患者最后一次进食的时间
3. C开始和结束的时间，以及发作的表现
4. D仅在结束时记录体温

Which statement about metformin is correct?

1. AIt is the usual first treatment for type 1 diabetes in adults
2. BIt works by making the pancreas release a lot more insulin
3. CIt is given by injection into the abdomen once a week
4. DUsed on its own, it rarely causes hypoglycaemia

A patient takes an SGLT2 inhibitor. Which sick-day advice is correct?

1. AStop drinking fluids while taking the drug
2. BDouble the dose during illness to control the glucose
3. CPause the drug during illness with vomiting or poor intake
4. DKeep taking it as normal, whatever the illness

Why is IV calcium gluconate given in severe hyperkalaemia?

1. AIt protects the heart from arrhythmias
2. BIt moves potassium into the cells
3. CIt removes potassium through the kidneys
4. DIt binds potassium in the gut

What does a positive pronator drift test show?

1. AA normal response in older adults
2. BSubtle weakness in one arm
3. CWeakness of the eye muscles
4. DLoss of hearing on one side

Two days after a spinal cord injury, a patient has a swollen abdomen, no bowel sounds and is vomiting. What is most likely, and what is the nursing action?

1. AA full bladder, so encourage oral fluids
2. BNormal constipation, so give a large meal to stimulate the bowel
3. CAn allergic reaction to food, so give an antihistamine
4. DParalytic ileus, so keep nil by mouth and prepare for an NG tube

An adult stares blankly for about a minute, smacks their lips and fumbles with their clothes. Afterwards they are confused for ten minutes and remember nothing. Which seizure type fits best?

1. AAtonic (drop) seizure with a fall
2. BFocal impaired awareness seizure
3. CAbsence seizure
4. DMyoclonic seizure