内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

全面性强直–阵挛发作期间，正确的急救措施是什么？

1. A垫住头部、记录发作时间，口中不放任何东西
2. B尽快把勺子或塑料通气道放在牙齿之间
3. C用力按住手臂和腿，直到抽搐停止
4. D让患者坐起并喂少量水以防呛咳

What is diabetic gastroparesis?

1. ASlow emptying of the stomach due to nerve damage
2. BA stomach ulcer caused by long-term metformin use
3. CInflammation of the pancreas from high glucose
4. DA blockage of the small bowel by scar tissue

一名有动静脉内瘘的患者说它不再“嗡嗡”作响了。护士应怎么做？

1. A安慰患者，说夜间这样是正常的
2. B用紧的绷带包扎以恢复血流
3. C测量该手臂的血压以检查血流
4. D紧急上报：内瘘可能已形成血栓

Why are patients with an acute spinal cord injury at high risk of deep vein thrombosis?

1. AThey usually take oestrogen as part of their treatment
2. BThe injury makes the blood too thin to clot properly in the veins
3. CParalysed leg muscles no longer pump blood back to the heart
4. DSpinal injuries always damage the large veins of the legs

A patient taking sodium valproate becomes tired and is vomiting, and the nurse notices yellowing of the eyes. What is the main concern?

1. AA normal adjustment reaction to the drug
2. BA sign that the dose is too low
3. CLiver toxicity from valproate
4. DDehydration from drinking too little

Which long-term risk should a kidney transplant recipient be taught to reduce with sun protection?

1. ASkin cancer
2. BKidney stones
3. CGout
4. DHair loss

On day 6 after a subarachnoid haemorrhage, a patient becomes newly confused and develops weakness in one arm. The aneurysm was secured on day 1. What is the most likely cause?

1. ARe-bleeding from the secured aneurysm
2. BHypoglycaemia from reduced eating
3. CNormal tiredness after major surgery
4. DDelayed cerebral ischaemia from vasospasm

Two days after surgery, an 80-year-old woman is quiet, sleepy, slow to answer and eating little. Her daughter says she is "not herself". What should the nurse suspect?

1. AHypoactive delirium
2. BSimple low mood about being in hospital
3. CNormal tiredness after an operation
4. DThe start of Alzheimer's disease