内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

Which description fits a cluster headache?

1. ASevere one-sided pain around the eye with a watery eye
2. BA throbbing headache on both sides after drinking coffee
3. CA mild band-like ache across both sides of the head
4. DA slowly worsening headache over months with vomiting in the morning

Which ECG change is typical of hyperkalaemia?

1. AProminent U waves
2. BA shortened PR interval
3. CTall, peaked T waves
4. DFlattened T waves

Which symptoms are typical of uraemia in advanced kidney disease?

1. ASevere flank pain with visible blood in the urine
2. BExcess thirst with a very high glucose
3. CItching, nausea, tiredness and poor appetite
4. DHeat intolerance, tremor and weight loss

An 80-year-old with angina is diagnosed with hypothyroidism. How is levothyroxine usually started?

1. AAt a full dose from the first day
2. BOnly after the angina has been cured
3. CAs a single large weekly injection
4. DAt a low dose, increased slowly

Which nursing care is most important for a patient with diabetes insipidus?

1. AA strict fluid restriction to reduce the amount of urine passed
2. BGiving a loop diuretic to clear extra fluid
3. CWeighing the patient once a month
4. DStrict fluid balance, daily weight and free access to water

A patient with severe vomiting and diarrhoea takes ramipril, furosemide and metformin. Which advice is correct?

1. AAdd ibuprofen to treat the abdominal cramps
2. BKeep taking everything as normal and drink less
3. CPause these medicines until eating and drinking again
4. DDouble the furosemide to prevent fluid retention

一名 CKD 患者血红蛋白 92 g/L，开始使用促红细胞生成刺激剂（ESA）。护士应监测什么？

1. A血压和血红蛋白，因为超过目标会增加血栓风险
2. B血糖，因为 ESA 常引起低血糖
3. C肝酶，因为 ESA 对肝脏有毒性
4. D听力，因为 ESA 可损伤内耳

A patient with nephrotic syndrome suddenly has loin pain, blood in the urine and a rise in creatinine. What is a likely cause?

1. ANormal fluctuation in the disease
2. BA simple bladder infection
3. CRenal vein thrombosis
4. DToo much dietary protein