内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

Which symptoms are typical of diabetic peripheral neuropathy?

1. AMorning stiffness of the small hand joints
2. BNumbness, tingling or burning in the feet
3. CPain in the calves that starts when walking
4. DA painful red, hot swollen big toe at night

What is the purpose of a steroid emergency card or medical alert ID?

1. ATo let the patient buy steroids without a prescription
2. BTo show that the patient is allergic to all types of steroid medicine
3. CTo warn staff that extra steroid is needed in illness or injury
4. DTo record the patient's blood glucose results

Which head injury is classically linked to a lucid interval after a blow to the side of the head?

1. AConcussion
2. BDiffuse axonal injury
3. CExtradural haematoma
4. DChronic subdural haematoma

Before surgery for a phaeochromocytoma, why is an alpha-blocker started before any beta-blocker?

1. AA beta-blocker alone can cause a dangerous rise in BP
2. BThe order of the two drugs makes no difference
3. CBeta-blockers given first would make the tumour grow faster
4. DAlpha-blockers lower the blood glucose before surgery

Which blood gas pattern is typical of acute kidney injury?

1. AHigh pH and low carbon dioxide
2. BLow pH and low bicarbonate
3. CHigh pH and high bicarbonate
4. DLow pH and high carbon dioxide only

A patient with diabetic neuropathy has an ulcer on the ball of the foot. Which measure is most important for healing?

1. AWalking more to improve blood flow
2. BCovering it and checking it in a month
3. CSoaking the foot in hot water daily
4. DTaking pressure off the ulcer

一名急性缺血性卒中患者不适合溶栓。第 1 天血压为 190/100 mmHg，没有其他紧急情况。通常哪种做法是恰当的？

1. A让患者平躺并大量快速补液
2. B每 5 分钟喷一次硝酸酯喷雾，直到低于 120 mmHg
3. C避免积极降压，遵循卒中团队的目标
4. D用静脉药物迅速降至 110/70 mmHg

一名卒中并右侧肢体无力的患者准备从床转移到椅子上。哪种方法最安全？

1. A让患者独自站起并走到椅子上
2. B把椅子放在左侧，并向椅子方向转身
3. C拉着右肩和手腕把患者拉起来
4. D把椅子放在右侧，并拉着患侧手臂提起