内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

What is the main effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

1. AIt lowers blood potassium
2. BIt raises blood calcium
3. CIt raises blood sodium
4. DIt lowers blood glucose

Which picture is typical of Guillain–Barré syndrome?

1. AA sudden one-sided facial droop with slurred speech
2. BRising weakness from the legs, weeks after an infection
3. CA resting tremor that slowly spreads to the other hand
4. DMuscle weakness that worsens late in the day and improves with rest

What is the main action of ADH (antidiuretic hormone)?

1. AIt makes the kidneys pass more glucose
2. BIt makes the kidneys keep potassium
3. CIt makes the kidneys reabsorb water
4. DIt makes the kidneys pass more water

一名服用格列齐特（一种磺脲类药物）的患者因低血糖入院。为什么需要延长监测时间？

1. A该药数小时的延迟后才使血糖升高
2. B该药作用持续多个小时，低血糖可能再次出现
3. C磺脲类药物自身不会引起低血糖
4. D该药只在夜间起作用，因此晨起检查无用

A patient has taken metformin for many years and now has tingling feet and a low haemoglobin. Which blood test is most relevant?

1. AThyroid antibodies
2. BSerum amylase
3. CBlood alcohol level
4. DVitamin B12 level

Which measure best detects a decline in breathing in a patient with Guillain–Barré syndrome?

1. ADaily chest X-rays
2. BRegular forced vital capacity measurements
3. COxygen saturation alone
4. DPeak flow before and after a bronchodilator

A patient has frothy urine and marked leg swelling. Serum albumin is 18 g/L (1.8 g/dL), and BP is normal. The urine shows heavy protein but little blood. What is most likely?

1. ANephritic syndrome
2. BA urethral stricture
3. CNephrotic syndrome
4. DAcute pyelonephritis

一名肺癌合并 SIADH 的患者血钠 112 mmol/L，正在抽搐。最恰当的治疗是什么？

1. A大量口服水以帮助稀释尿液
2. B以高速率静脉输注 5% 葡萄糖，直到抽搐停止
3. C在监护下使用高渗盐水，限制上升速度
4. D在最初六小时内迅速纠正到 140 mmol/L