内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

关于短暂性脑缺血发作（TIA），下列哪项说法正确？

1. A由脑组织内的小出血引起
2. B不需要随访，因为所有症状都消失了
3. C症状持续数天，并留下持久的无力
4. D症状完全消退，但卒中风险高，因此需要紧急评估

哪一组症状是甲状腺功能亢进的典型表现？

1. A便秘、皮肤干燥、指甲易断、头发粗糙稀疏
2. B怕冷、体重增加和脉搏缓慢
3. C声音嘶哑、面部浮肿和思维迟缓
4. D怕热、体重减轻、震颤和心悸

哪些特征是库欣综合征的典型表现？

1. A怕冷、脉搏缓慢、皮肤干燥和弥漫性脱发
2. B排出大量稀释尿并极度口渴
3. C向心性体重增加、满月脸、皮肤变薄、血糖升高
4. D体重减轻、血压低和皮肤变黑

服用葡萄糖片十五分钟后，一名患者的血糖从 3.2 升至 5.1 mmol/L。下一餐在两小时后。接下来应怎么做？

1. A给予作用更持久的碳水化合物点心，如三明治
2. B在稍后供应下一餐前不需要进一步处理
3. C再给一次葡萄糖片，使血糖升得更高
4. D立即给予常规剂量的速效胰岛素

Why does a patient with untreated hypothyroidism need extra care when given opioids or sedatives?

1. AThere is no difference compared with other patients
2. BThey break the drugs down slowly and are more sensitive to them
3. CThese drugs make the thyroid gland overactive
4. DThey clear the drugs too fast, so higher doses are needed

A patient is starting lamotrigine. Which teaching point is most important?

1. ADouble the dose if a seizure happens
2. BReport any skin rash promptly, especially in the first weeks
3. CTake it with a glass of grapefruit juice to improve its absorption
4. DExpect an orange tint to tears and urine

A patient with diabetes insipidus after head trauma needs hourly urine output measurement. Which task can be delegated to a trained healthcare assistant (nursing assistant)?

1. AMeasuring hourly urine and reporting results above a set amount
2. BInterpreting the serum sodium results
3. CDeciding whether to give the next desmopressin dose
4. DAssessing the patient's level of consciousness

一名服用锂盐的患者多尿、口渴，使用去氨加压素后尿液仍不能浓缩。最可能的原因是什么？

1. A新发的 1 型糖尿病
2. B锂引起的 SIADH
3. C锂引起的肾性尿崩症
4. D头部受伤后的中枢性尿崩症