内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

Which symptoms are classic for high blood glucose?

1. AWeight gain, feeling cold all the time and dry skin
2. BPassing a lot of urine, thirst and weight loss
3. CJoint pain, morning stiffness and fever
4. DShaking, sweating and a racing heart

Which features suggest pyelonephritis rather than simple cystitis?

1. AFever, rigors and pain in the loin
2. BPassing urine more often at night only
3. CUrine that smells slightly stronger
4. DMild burning on passing urine only

什么是发作后期（postictal phase）？

1. A发作开始前的先兆感觉
2. B持续超过五分钟的发作
3. C强直–阵挛发作开始时的僵直阶段
4. D发作后的嗜睡和意识混乱阶段

A bladder scan straight after voiding shows 450 mL of urine still in the bladder. What does this show?

1. AThe patient is passing urine normally
2. BThe kidneys are making too little urine
3. CThe patient has drunk too little fluid
4. DThe bladder is not emptying properly

Why is propranolol given to a patient with hyperthyroidism?

1. ATo stop the thyroid gland from making any more hormones
2. BTo destroy overactive thyroid tissue over a few weeks
3. CTo ease tremor and palpitations while other treatment starts
4. DTo replace the hormone lost from the thyroid gland

Which nursing action helps most to prevent and manage delirium in an older inpatient?

1. ARestrain the patient so that they do not wander off the ward
2. BMove the patient to a different room each day for variety
3. CKeep the lights on all night so the patient can see clearly
4. DUse glasses and hearing aids and reorient the patient often

A patient with renal colic has normal kidney function and no other contraindications. Which drug is usually the first choice for pain?

1. AAn NSAID such as diclofenac
2. BOral paracetamol (acetaminophen) alone
3. CA benzodiazepine such as diazepam
4. DAn oral antihistamine such as cetirizine

A patient has fever, confusion, odd behaviour and a new seizure. Herpes simplex encephalitis is suspected. Which drug is usually started straight away?

1. AIV insulin
2. BOral prednisolone
3. COral amoxicillin
4. DIV aciclovir