内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

Which hormones does the adrenal medulla release?

1. AInsulin and glucagon
2. BThyroxine and calcitonin
3. CAdrenaline and noradrenaline
4. DCortisol and aldosterone

为什么记录卒中患者最后一次已知正常的时间很重要？

1. A溶栓等治疗取决于发病后经过的时间
2. B这个时间决定哪一侧大脑受累
3. C一小时后才就诊的患者不能收入卒中单元
4. D需要用这个时间计算患者的 GCS 评分

护士如何检查血液透析用的动静脉内瘘是否正常工作？

1. A触摸震颤并听诊血管杂音
2. B观察内瘘部位有无发红
3. C测量内瘘侧手臂的血压
4. D检查另一侧手臂的桡动脉脉搏

为什么在 DKA 静脉输注胰岛素时必须密切监测钾？

1. A在 DKA 中胰岛素对钾没有影响
2. B胰岛素使肾脏潴留钾，因此血钾会上升
3. C胰岛素使钾进入细胞，因此血钾可能迅速下降
4. D胰岛素在血液中分解钾

Which picture fits Brown-Séquard syndrome?

1. AWeakness on the same side and loss of pain on the opposite side
2. BWeakness of both arms with normal strength in the legs
3. CParalysis of both legs, with normal sensation everywhere in the body
4. DLoss of all feeling but normal movement on both sides

哪项护理措施有助于预防颅内压升高？

1. A让患者平躺，髋部屈曲成锐角
2. B鼓励每小时用力咳嗽
3. C预防便秘，并分散安排护理操作
4. D把所有护理和吸痰集中在一次长时间操作中

A drowsy patient's glucose meter shows "HI". What should the nurse do?

1. ATreat it as very high, check ketones and escalate
2. BRecord "normal" in the notes because no number appears
3. CGive glucose gel in case the reading is wrong
4. DAssume the meter is broken and recheck tomorrow

A 74-year-old falls forward and hits their chin. Their arms are much weaker than their legs, and they have burning pain in the hands. Which injury is most likely?

1. ACauda equina syndrome
2. BA complete lumbar cord injury
3. CBrown-Séquard syndrome
4. DCentral cord syndrome