内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

What is the main cause of the movement problems in Parkinson's disease?

1. ALoss of dopamine-producing cells in the substantia nigra
2. BLoss of the myelin sheath around nerves in the brain and spinal cord
3. CAntibodies that attack acetylcholine receptors in muscle
4. DToo much dopamine released in the basal ganglia

Why do women get urinary tract infections more often than men?

1. AThe urethra is shorter and closer to the anus
2. BWomen drink more fluids than men do each day
3. CWomen have more bacteria in their blood
4. DWomen's kidneys are smaller than men's

How does haemodialysis remove waste from the blood?

1. AThe blood is spun so that waste sinks to the bottom
2. BA filter in the stomach absorbs waste from food
3. CThe waste is removed through a tube in the bladder
4. DWaste diffuses across a membrane into a cleaning fluid

头部受伤后，一名患者鼻子里滴出清亮液体。主要的担忧是什么？

1. A单纯感冒或花粉症发作
2. B颅骨骨折引起的脑脊液漏
3. C对 CT 造影剂过敏
4. D哭泣后产生的正常黏液

Which symptoms are typical of hypokalaemia?

1. AHeat intolerance and weight loss
2. BMuscle weakness, cramps and palpitations
3. CExcess thirst and very high glucose
4. DTingling lips and facial twitching

一名患者醒来时出现卒中症状。他们 23:00 上床时一切正常，06:30 醒来。哪个时间被用作发病时间？

1. A06:30，即首次发现症状的时间
2. B到达医院的时间
3. C23:00，即最后一次已知正常的时间
4. D做 CT 扫描的时间

A patient with a head injury now has a blood pressure of 190/70 mmHg, a pulse of 48/min and irregular breathing. How should the nurse interpret this?

1. ACushing's triad, a late sign of raised intracranial pressure
2. BNeurogenic shock from a spinal cord injury
3. CA normal stress response to pain, anxiety and the noise of the ward
4. DHypovolaemic shock from internal bleeding

A patient has frothy urine and marked leg swelling. Serum albumin is 18 g/L (1.8 g/dL), and BP is normal. The urine shows heavy protein but little blood. What is most likely?

1. ANephritic syndrome
2. BAcute pyelonephritis
3. CA urethral stricture
4. DNephrotic syndrome